The Role Of Maslow s Hierarchy Of Needs - 997 Words

Education class has taught me many important lessons such as the different learning styles, the importance of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and that no students are â€Å"lazy and dumb.† The three basic learning styles are kinesthetic, auditory, and visual. As an art teacher I plan on covering all learning styles by showing students examples of the project, having written instructions on the board, and reading the instructions out loud so that the children are able to fully understand what they are supposed to do. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is important to know because it explains the basic needs a person needs in their life. As an art teacher I will keep non messy snacks in the room so that students can take a snack break if they are hungry. I will also make sure that every student feels safe and like they belong in the class. Lastly I will make sure that no students feel as though they are thought of as being lazy or dumb in my class. By giving each student 3 forms of instructions, desks arranged to form groups, and the feeling of safety, any student should feel comfortable enough in the class to ask anyone in the room what they are supposed to be doing. One way that this course is what I expected it to be was that no subject was too difficult to learn. The fact that it is an education class let me know that even if a lesson was difficult, it would be taught in a way I could understand. Another way the class was what I expected was that many classes involved group work. ThisShow MoreRelatedMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1295 Words   |  6 PagesMaslow’s hierarchy of needs (p. 379 in EP)? Outline each level and discuss how it relates to motivation. Abraham Maslow was born in 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. He originally studied law because of the influence of my parents, but after marrying his first cousin, Bertha Goodman, and moving to Wisconsin, he became interested in psychology. After achieving his Masters in Psychology, Maslow moved back to Brooklyn and started teaching at a school there. â€Å"One of the many interesting things Maslow noticedRead Moreimplication of maslows hierarchy of needs to educators1352 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Maslow s Theory of Hierarchical Needs Copyright 2005 by Charles Brickman We are probably all familiar with Abraham Maslow s Theory of Hierarchical Needs; Psychological Needs, Safety Needs, Belongingness and Love Needs, Esteem Needs, Need to Know and Understand, Aesthetic Needs, and Self-Actualization Needs. And we probably all remember that according to Maslow s theory, needs that are in the lower hierarchy must be at least partially met before a person will try to satisfy higher-level needsRead MoreThe Maslow s Theory Of Nursing878 Words   |  4 Pagesnurse educator using the Maslow s humanistic theory that is best known for identifying the hierarchy of needs which played an important role in human motivation. At the bottom of Maslow s hierarchy are physiological needs, safety needs, the needs of belonging and love, self esteem and at the top of the hierarchy are self-actualization needs (Bastable, S. (2014, p.87). Maslow s hierarchy in relation to my nursing career is meeting with my own physiological and safety needs by fulfilling my knowledgeRead Mo reAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality1082 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Maslow Life Span Development and Personality Abraham Maslow was born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York. Abraham Maslow grew up in Brooklyn, New York, the first of seven children born to his Jewish parents who emigrated from Russia. His parents were uneducated, but they insisted that he study law. Maslow later described his early childhood as unhappy and lonely, and he spent much of his time in the library immersed in books. At first, Abraham acceded to their wishes and enrolled in theRead MoreMotivation Theories, Content And Process Theories910 Words   |  4 Pagesdifficult challenge for organizations to address. The capability to effect motivation is believed to be vital in a corporation, as a motivated worker is often an effective one. Needs theories of motivation are implemented in order to assist managers in improving employee’s work rate, efficiency and output. There are two main types of needs motivation theories, content and process theories. These methods also try to ensure employee turnover will decrease whe n factors such as job security, organizational commitmentRead MoreMaslows Theory1321 Words   |  6 PagesAbraham Harold Maslow, the founder of humanistic psychology, was born in New York City on April 1, 1908 and died at home in California in 1970 (Maslow, Abraham Hutchinson Encyclopedia of Biography, 2010) (Abraham H. Maslow: a Bibliography: Professional biography, 1970). He received his AB, MA, and PhD in psychology from the University of Wisconsin (1970). His work as a United States (U.S.) psychologist started in 1932 after he started working as a teaching fellow (1970). Maslow also taught atRead MoreThe Importance Of Management For Ensuring Success1371 Words   |  6 Pageswork is a group of individual s people that works together in a business Institutions or organisation, and they characterized by integrated skills among themselves, and they have common goals and one purpose, and the reason of setting up a team work is in order to achieve a specific objective or a task r equiring a certain coordination and integration among the team members, which can not be achieved individually. Each team member needs to build their knowledge s and abilities information and capabilitiesRead MoreMaslows Hierarchy of Needs and Implications for Head Start Families1381 Words   |  6 PagesMASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS 2 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Implications for Head Start Families Introduction Abraham Maslow was a prominent theorist that played a role in the formation of humanistic psychology. Maslow worked on a theory that would accommodate human motivation. The concept that behavior is motivated primarily by a person’s desired to fulfill a specific need. He proposed that is was our inner nature that we had basic needs that we strive to meet. Then as those needsRead MoreUnderstanding the Seven Major Chakras820 Words   |  3 Pagesdiscussing each chakra in more detail a little bit later, as well as referring to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs during human development to illustrate on a physical level how each chakra as a person develops from an infant to adulthood affects development. I would like to take this opportunity to explain Maslows Hierarchy of Needs theory. Abraham Maslow was best recognised for his study and analysis of how motives and needs are organised in order to develop a healthy personality. Rather than focusing onRead MoreMotivation Theories Of A Diverse Workforce During Times Of Change Essay1696 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered essential for an organization s status within the business environment and the community. The two motivation theories selected for this paper is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg hygiene factors. The First Motivation Theory Maslow’s theory provides review of human needs. His model takes into consideration the need of satisfaction. Maslow believes when people are satisficted the hierarchy of become stronger; for example, physiological needs the requirements for survival: food,

Half Of A Yellow Sun By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - 924 Words

â€Å"Loyalty and devotion lead to bravery. Bravery leads to the spirit of self-sacrifice. The spirit of self-sacrifice creates trust in the power of love† (Morihei Ueshiba). This chain concept is a difficult process in order to encounter trust. However, one must easily begin with simply displaying loyalty from one’s heart and soul towards other individuals. From the novel, Half of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a particular character remained extraordinary in his demonstrations of loyalty that spewed into exhibiting bravery, love, and care towards the people in his world. His name is Ugwu, and the following exposes his experience of the war and interactions with other characters. From the initial step into the household of Odenigbo, Ugwu’s master, admiration permeated Ugwu as his aunty introduced him to this newfound luxurious life. His curiosity bloomed as he discovered the customs of the higher class. From the very beginning, his loyalty would be to his master, the man who bestowed this opportunity upon him. In a sense, he idolized this man as well as the other characters that his master fancied. They transformed into Ugwu’s alternate family, however, the love he felt for them differentiates to the love he felt for other women encounters he experienced. The passion he felt for them leaned more sexual and focused on body image. He often mused of a girl back home named Nnesinachi this way. â€Å"[---] her wrapper hanging low enough for him to see the tops of her breasts.Show MoreRelatedHalf of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie1342 Words   |  6 PagesIn Half of a Yellow Sun, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie attempts to use history in order to gain leverage on the present, to subvert the single story stereotypes that dominate many contemporary discourses on Africa. Written in the genre of historical fiction, Adichie’s novel transcends beyond mere historical narration and recreates the polyphonic experiences of var ying groups of people in Nigeria before and after the Civil War. She employs temporal distortion in her narrative, distorting time in orderRead MoreWhat Were Your Reading Experiences As A Child?766 Words   |  4 Pagesby listening to the conversations of those who are well-read. List the last five books you have read prior to this class. 1. Drown by Junot Diaz 2. The Thing Around Your Neck by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 3. Half of a Yellow Sun by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 4. We Should All Be Feminist by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie 5. Catching Reader Before They Fall by Pat Johnson and Katie Kerir How long did it take you to read each book? The last five I read took over seven month to read. Did you read anyRead MoreAnalysis Of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichies A Private Experience1079 Words   |  5 Pagesthe middle of one of the riots and flee to a store nearby. While staying there they learn that Chika is Christian and the woman is a Muslim. They help each other out instead of fighting about the differences in their religion. An analysis of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s â€Å"A Private Experience† through the religion and feminist lens suggest that the story is really about the unity of female characters during critical times realizing that human life is more valuable, than their religious backgrounds andRead MoreHalf Of A Yellow Sun Analysis1907 Words   |  8 PagesConversely, in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Half of a Yellow Sun, the transformative power of language is not realized by a loss of language, identity, and agency, but rather is realized by a gaining of them. However, the respect and wonder that Ovid holds in regards to language and litera cy is mirrored in this text by Ugwu. Half of a Yellow Sun opens on Ugwu’s move from a small village in Nigeria to Odenigbo’s house in Nsukka. In the first chapter of the novel, Adichie skillfully includes aRead MoreThe Thing Around Your Neck By Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie2141 Words   |  9 Pagesby Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, contains twelve short stories about Nigerian characters in either Africa or America. In the collection, it is integrating to see the struggles of the Nigerian characters that straddle two worlds. It is also easy to see individuals act to control their own life, whether it is a woman or a man in the story. The protagonist of each story has the choice to choose whether they will accept, decline, or change the situation of their lives. Through the collection, Adichie emphasizesRead MoreWomen Across Cultures Face Similar Forms Of Oppression1052 Words   |  5 PagesWomen across cultures face similar forms of oppression in varying ways. The stories of Ma xine Hong Kingston, Nicholas D. Kristof, Sheryl WuDunn, Banana Yoshimoto, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie bring awareness to these heartbreaking yet inspiring narratives of the lives of women outside of North America. While some of the works are fictional, there is still an air of realism that accentuates the general ideas conveyed in the individual narratives. Themes such as tradition, assimilation, racism, classismRead MoreFeminism in Novel Makaan of Paigham Afaqui1301 Words   |  6 PagesMargaret Fuller Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl - Harriet Jacobs The Yellow Wallpaper - Charlotte Perkins Gilman The Second Sex - Simone de Beauvoir This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color - Cherrie Moraga and Gloria Anzaldua Makaan - Paigham Afaqui Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body - Susan Bordo A Dolls House - Henrik Ibsen Half of a Yellow Sun - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Like One of the Family - Alice Childress Reading Lolita in Tehran - AzarRead MoreThe Conflict Between Tradition And Western Influence On Nigeria1665 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpretative expression, and translated idioms in his works. In more recent times as well, Nigerian authors are being recognized for their outstanding work. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie (September 15, 1977-present) is a Nigerian novelist best known for her books Purple Hibiscus, Half of a Yellow Sun, and Americanah. The books have won Adichie much praise, awards, and admiration due to the themes discussed in them, such as the long and bloody Biafran War, transformative experiences, race, and feminism

1984 By Orwell Essay Research Paper Pain free essay sample

1984 By Orwell Essay, Research Paper Pain from cognition in Orwell # 8217 ; s 1984 George Orwell # 8217 ; s 1984 is a hauntingly prophetic novel that addresses the concerns of an single Born into a Totalitarian government. This government, named # 8220 ; The Party, # 8221 ; is ruled by a semi-fictitious all-knowing leader termed # 8220 ; Big Brother. # 8221 ; The Party controls the heads of its members through Crimethink, the telescreens and Newspeak. Winston Smith recognizes this control and Rebels against it through his journal and his adventures with Julia in an effort to recover his individuality. He is caught, nevertheless, and his individuality is destroyed. Nineteen Eighty-Four # 8217 ; s message is mimicked in Ecclesiastes # 8217 ; shuting remark: # 8220 ; in much wisdom is much heartache, and addition of cognition is addition of sorrow # 8221 ; ( 1:18 ) . Smith industries lies in the Record Department in the Ministry of Truth. As an outer party member, he rewrites the history books to blandish the current disposal. The futility of his occupation discourages him. We will write a custom essay sample on 1984 By Orwell Essay Research Paper Pain or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He particularly hates # 8220 ; the most bigoted disciples of the party, the swallowers of mottos, the amateur undercover agents and nosers-out of unorthodoxy # 8221 ; ( 11 ) . He sees true cognition and thought as freedom from the subjugation of the Party. The storyteller provinces, # 8220 ; With the feeling that? he was puting Forth an of import maxim, he wrote: # 8216 ; Freedom is the freedom to state that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( 69 ) . Most people within Oceania act as human soundtracks, spurting out the Party # 8217 ; s propaganda with perfect easiness. Smith lived with the cognition that their words were simply manufactured mottos: he knew this because he wrote them. He existed on a higher rational degree than the multitudes he catered to. This cognition, nevertheless, brought wretchedness to his life because he objected to his organisation # 8217 ; s doctrines. The outlook that the cognition evoked caused him to shout # 8220 ; I hate pureness, I hate goodness! I don # 8217 ; t want any virtuousness to exi st anyplace. I want everyone to be corrupt to the bones† ( 132 ) . Even Smith’s love with Julia was false. The storyteller provinces, â€Å"No emotion was pure, because everything was assorted up with fright and hatred. Their embracing had been a conflict, the flood tide a triumph. It was a blow struck against the Party. It was a political act† ( 133 ) . Smith’s rebellion caused him to lose his pride, his intelligence and his individuality. He was taken to the Ministry of Love, where O’Brien asked, # 8220 ; What is your first inquiry? # 8216 ; What have you done with Julia # 8217 ; said Winston. O # 8217 ; Brien smiled once more. # 8216 ; She betrayed you, Winston. Immediately-unreservedly. I have seldom seen anyone come over to us quickly. You would barely acknowledge her if you saw her. All her defiance, her fraudulence, her folly, her dirty-mindedness-everything has been burned out of her # 8217 ; # 8221 ; ( 271 ) . In the Ministry of Love, Smith and Julia were both tortured. O # 8217 ; Brien commented, # 8220 ; # 8216 ; You have whimpered for clemency, you have betrayed everybody and everything. Can you believe of a individual debasement that has non happened to you? # 8217 ; Winston had stopped crying, though cryings were still seeping out of his eyes. He looked up at O # 8217 ; Brien # 8216 ; I have non betrayed Julia, # 8217 ; he said # 8221 ; ( 286 ) . Throughout his imprisonment, Smith clung to his self-respect and belief that his cognition would salvage him. Finally, nevertheless, he cried, # 8220 ; Make it to Julia! Make it to Julia! Not me! Julia! I don # 8217 ; t care what you do to her. Tear her face off, strip her to the castanetss. Not me! Julia! Not me! # 8221 ; ( 300 ) . After Smith regressed, he was released into society as another slogan-spurring person. His chase of cognition and freedom merely brought him farther from it. Therefore, Smith # 8217 ; s desire for increased cognition merely magnified his hurting. Nineteen Eighty-four supports Ecclesiastes # 8217 ; reading: hurting is an intrinsic portion of cognition. In Oceania, the jurisprudence, the amusement, even the linguistic communication prevents individualism and the attainment of true cognition

International Adoption Essays - Family Law, , Term Papers

International Adoption International Adoption There are many reasons as to why people choose to adopt a child. Sometimes it has to do with infertility and couples decide to adopt children because, ?I could not have biological children and I do not believe in some methods of fertility treatments (Carney),? but there are other reasons too. According to Christine Adamec, some people think that it is better to adopt than to bring another child into the world. Others do not want to pass a certain genetic problem onto other generations, and some have medical problems that would make the pregnancy more difficult than usual, or even harmful to the mother's health. These types of adoptive parents are called preferential adopters (Adamec, 18-19). Most adoption agencies in the United States turn down couples who are fertile. A statement from their physician describing their infertility is required. Since fertile couples are turned down, they generally adopt a child from another country (Adamec, 18-19). The web page http://www.adopt.org/ states that since birth control and abortions are accessible to most United States citizens, fewer unplanned babies are born and a good number of unmarried mothers are choosing to keep their babies. There are relatively few healthy, United States born babies compared to the number of people looking to adopt. The number of foreign-born orphans adopted by United States citizens has risen from 9,356 in 1988 to 15,774 in 1998. This large number of foreign-born orphans adopted by United States citizens is this way because interracial adoption is no longer an issue because in October of 1995 the Multi-Ethnic Placement Act was passed. This act ?bars any agency involved in adoption that receives federal funding from discriminating because of race when considering adoption opportunities for children (http://www.adopt.org/)?. Even thought this act is geared more towards domestic adoption than international adoption, it has occurred in international cases. Depending on several factors, a number of options are available if the adoption of infants or toddlers is being considered. International adoption can include agency adoption (both public and private), independent adoption, and identified adoption. Each state has a public agency charged with the care of children in the state. These agencies include the Bureau of Family and Children's Services, the Division if Social Services, the Department of Human Services and the Department of Public Welfare. A public adoption agency over-sees the provision of services to children, including foster care and adoption, and they are usually found locally in each county (Gilman, 33). Private agencies can be either non-profit or profit organizations. These types of agencies deal with adoptive parents, birth parents, and older children that need adoptive homes. These agencies also deal with international adoption. (Gilman, 35). Identified adoption is when the child knows his or her birth parents, and ha s a relationship with them. This type is not very common in international adoption. (Gilman, 33-36 and Erichsen 27-29) The adoption requirements of many foreign adoption agencies are less stringent than local adoption agencies in the United States. At most United States based international agencies, Single persons and couples married one year or more between the ages of twenty-five and fifty-five, with or without children, of all races and religious affiliations, as well as persons who were previously divorced can find adoption programs in countries to accept their applications. Prospective adoptive parents must be in the middle to upper income bracket, able to quicken documents and able to travel abroad if required. They must also meet the requirements of Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) (Erichsen 25). The INS requires that at least one spouse must be a citizen of the United States. The INS does not approve welfare recipients, or persons convicted of a felony. For infants and babies the INS does not approve of unmarried heterosexual or homosexual couples. But, gay men and lesbians are being considered in the adoption of children older than toddlers through some private and international adoptions In addition some countries will not let women in their late thirties or early forties adopt an infant. It is important that people considering adoption be stable and sensitive and able to give a child love, understanding, and patience (Erichsen, 26-27). Also, adoptive parents must realize the many advantages and disadvantages of adopting

Unforgettable Review Essay Example

Unforgettable Review Paper Essay on Unforgettable I do not know why this book chosen from a large number of others. Maybe the cover has drawn attention, or the authors name seemed familiar, or the name lured romantic Having read, I was surprised to find that it will be about the corpse and funeral business, and the word unforgettable has found a grim sense. But it does not scare the contrary, the book appealed to me more and more The beauty of style, elegant manners, arose the love between two people, serving the dead. And the idea that before all the chasm in the earth, people spend a day or three among the loved ones, covered with flowers, given in order of expert hands make-up artist, came to my taste, not so sad after the death, if it is taken by professionals. Unforgettable Miss X, the Y Mrs unforgettable, unforgettable Mr. Z you will be well on Eden Cemetery where so quiet, only the trees rustle but sometimes disturb the lovers who love to walk between sculptures and flowers comprehended all the details of the funeral business where very fine play on the love of family: the greater the love, the more money you can put in your pocket - Burying or burning burn, I think We will write a custom essay sample on Unforgettable Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Unforgettable Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Unforgettable Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer I have pictures, which show the urn different styles -.. The best suit us And in the book aperture tsya secret, not without a subtle irony, which Evelyn Waugh has masterfully why the British are valuable writers We, anglichashek, special position here, says Sir Ambrose -. You know, Barlow These people, maybe. laugh at us a little about how we talk, how to dress, over our monocles maybe they think we are too prim and kept apart, but God knows, they respect us and your word to them, a guarantee of quality.. These people will not be in vain to pay, so here you will find only the color of the English nation. I sometimes feel something like ambassador Barlow. I mean responsibility, and it more or less bears here every Englishman. Of course, we can not all be right at the top, but we in senior roles. You will never meet an Englishman at the lowermost except in England, of course. And here it is understood because of the tone that we set. There are positions for which the Englishman simply will not go. And the main character, Dennis Barlow, did not wait for a decent offer, Hollywood does not favor the poets, they it is not really needed, even if they are awarded the attention she Queen, and goes to work in a funeral agency wetlands in a better world for pets. But is this agency goes though in any comparison with the rustling fuller, which is engaged in the most lush and luxurious funeral, which you can only dream - The most expensive cost sites on the Lake Island. They cost about a thousand dollars. There are Valentines Nest area, the center of which is very, very beautiful marble copy of the famous statue of Rodins The Kiss. There we have paired areas of seven hundred and fifty dollars a pair. Your Unforgettable married -?. No What did he do -? He was a writer . And then it will suit the Poets Corner. There have been a lot the most prominent figures of literature some of their own person, and some more in the order of early preparations rustling share Dennis In. meets his love a girl in a white robe with a wild-eyed, she works grimorshey and very satisfied with the work and soon she will receive a marriage proposal from the Honorable Mr. Dzhoyboya, its chief Oh, unforgettable After reading.! this book, I am still in awe and want to read something else by this author. Although for those who do not like gloomy . Attiyah and cynical humor, probably, it will not work I will answer any question to read or not to read? Evelyn Waugh? Unforgettable? I love It is strange that this book is still left without a review For Serserkov and other:. I am not a relative of the author and do not know him, he died before I was birthday, unfortunately.

4 Things That Define Minerals

4 Things That Define Minerals In the field of geology, you will often hear a variety of terms including the word mineral. What are minerals, exactly? They are any substance that meets these four specific qualities: Minerals are natural: These substances that form without any human help.Minerals are solid: They dont droop or melt or evaporate.Minerals are inorganic: They arent carbon compounds like those found in living things.Minerals are crystalline: They have a distinct recipe and arrangement of atoms. Despite that, though, there are still some exceptions to these criteria. Unnatural Minerals Until the 1990s, mineralogists could propose names for chemical compounds that formed during the breakdown of artificial substances...things found in places like industrial sludge pits and rusting cars. That loophole is now closed, but there are minerals on the books that arent truly natural. Soft Minerals Traditionally and officially, native mercury is considered a mineral, even though the metal is liquid at room temperature. At about -40 C, though, it solidifies and forms crystals like other metals. So there are parts of Antarctica where mercury is unimpeachably a mineral. For a less extreme example, consider the mineral ikaite, a hydrated calcium carbonate that forms only in cold water. It degrades into calcite and water above 8 C. It is significant in the polar regions, the ocean floor, and other cold places, but you cant bring it into the lab except in a freezer. Ice is a mineral, even though it isnt listed in the mineral field guide. When ice collects in large enough bodies, it flows in its solid state thats what glaciers are. And salt (halite) behaves similarly, rising underground in broad domes and sometimes spilling out in salt glaciers. Indeed, all minerals, and the rocks they are part of, slowly deform given enough heat and pressure. Thats what makes plate tectonics possible. So in a sense, no minerals are really solid except maybe diamonds. Other minerals that arent quite solid are instead flexible. The mica minerals are the best-known example, but molybdenite is another. Its metallic flakes can be crumpled like aluminum foil. The asbestos mineral chrysotile  is stringy enough to weave into cloth. Organic Minerals The rule that minerals must be inorganic may be the strictest one. The substances that make up coal, for instance, are different kinds of hydrocarbon compounds derived from cell walls, wood, pollen, and so on. These are called macerals instead of minerals. If coal is squeezed hard enough for long enough, the carbon sheds all its other elements and becomes graphite. Even though it is of organic origin, graphite is a true mineral with carbon atoms arranged in sheets. Diamonds, similarly, are carbon atoms arranged in a rigid framework. After some four billion years of life on Earth, its safe to say that all the worlds diamonds and graphite are of organic origin even if they arent strictly speaking organic. Amorphous Minerals A few things fall short in crystallinity, hard as we try. Many minerals form crystals that are too small to see under the microscope. But even these can be shown to be crystalline at the nanoscale using the technique of X-ray powder diffraction, though, because X-rays are a super-shortwave type of light that can image extremely small things. Having a crystal form means that the substance has a chemical formula. It might be as simple as halites (NaCl) or complex like  epidotes (Ca2Al2(Fe3, Al)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)), but if you were shrunk to an atoms size, you could tell what mineral you were seeing by its molecular makeup and arrangement. A few substances fail the X-ray test. They are truly glasses or colloids, with a fully random structure at the atomic scale. They are amorphous, scientific Latin for formless. These get the honorary name mineraloid. Mineraloids are a small club of about eight members, and thats stretching things by including some organic substances (violating criterion 3 as well as 4).

American Culture Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

American Culture Analysis - Essay Example Interestingly, the American society has remained quite receptive towards all sorts of cultures. It was found in the 1990 census that racial minority groups in US were growing seven times faster than the majority (Qasawa). The freedom of expression is one quality of American culture that appeals to me the most, though their straightforwardness sometimes sounds too bitter (Kwintessential). Americans celebrate life. They hang out with friends, party and enjoy. Being a first world country, American people are much privileged than most of the other nations of the world. Partying is an important feature of the American culture. Partying is ingrained in the American ideology. People look forward to opportunities to get together. American’s don’t need special occasions to party. They may party when someone wins a match or when someone buys a new pet. There can be any reason to party. Most importantly, the parties do not have to be expensive enough to be enjoyed. Friends may get together upon a large pizza, and it can be just as enjoyable as a grand ceremony.

Video Game Violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Video Game Violence - Research Paper Example On the other hand, some video games may have potential benefits to children. The games’ realistic and stimulating character has made it extremely acceptable and trendy to the younger generation. Statistics show that almost 80% of American children, ages 7 to 17 years old, play an average of 8 hours daily. While some games available in the market are suitably wholesome, beneficial and educational for children; some games, particularly those with ultra violent content could be destructive and inappropriate. The intensification of electronic play together with the escalating incidences of youth crimes has led to massive government and police investigations and legislative schemes worldwide (â€Å"School Age: Video Game Addiction†). Majority of conducted studies have been centered on the negative correlation between electronic games and aggressive behavior among the youth; and assessment of strategies aimed at reduction of risks to minors. However, minimal studies have been carried out to prove some probabilities of constructive influences on children’s development (Salonius-Pasternak and Gelfond 6). Despite numerous researches on the impact of violent electronic games on children, there appears to be as much perplexity as ever. Why do video games increase violence and aggression among the youth? How do these games affect children’s behavior? Why do those children already exposed to violence in society choose games of aggression? We may or may not find convincing answers to link video games with violent behavior. Psychoanalysts, educators, scientists, computer technologists, parents and even commoners may give different opinions and through them, we will be able to understand the reasons behind their arguments. This article will analyze the different viewpoints of different observers. Potential benefits and negative impacts will be presented, as well as this author’s personal analysis on the issue: Evidences of exhibited aggressiv e behavior in children and the growing incidence of crimes committed by young gamers are linked with over-exposure to video games; however, the probabilities of video games’ positive influences should not be ignored. Evidences of exhibited aggressive behavior in children and the growing incidence of crimes committed by young gamers are linked with over-exposure to video games; however, the probabilities of video games’ positive influences should not be ignored. In the seventies, modernization and technological innovations introduced electronic game play to society, particularly targeting the interest of the younger generation. Since then, video game play became a major part of children’s daily activities. In the 1980s, classrooms were equipped with computers and later, computers were recognized as providers of knowledge. Studies showed that educational software and games can undeniably have numerous beneficial effects on children’s academic performance (K ent). The beneficial effects electronic play has on children should not be discounted. Video games are educators. The interactive nature of this electronic media can be highly motivational; children become enthusiastically connected; they learn through repetition; and are rewarded for skillful

Education and Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Education and Freedom - Essay Example De-monopolizing public educational institutions would ensure that standards are raised, students and teachers are better motivated, greater innovation would be allowed, costs would be brought down and specific needs of children would be met (Ayse, 2012). Public education is not consistent with responsibility and freedom. Public education in fact wears away personal freedom and that is why it should be replaced with market solutions, competition, and parental choice. Since parents are charged with their children’s education, then it means families would be best suited in a free market to decide which educational institutions are best suited for their children. Education being an economic commodity should be bought in the marketplace dictated by valuation and preferences of consumers. Thus in an education market that is free, students and parents would be at liberty to make a decision on the basis of perceived benefits and costs of each available option. Essentially, education procurement does not vary from acquiring any other private commodity. Schools that are market-based have got incentives that provide quality education at a price that is competitive. Thus the separation of education and state would reinstate academic inte grity, intellectual freedom as well as individual accomplishment. The free market can best furnish the public with high quality education services. The finest school choice plan therefore is the one based on free market (Harry, 2013). Colleges should prepare people to be good citizens. The purpose of education has been debated world over by teachers, scholars, statesmen and several considerate men and women. There has always been one predictable answer; knowledge acquisition. Even more complete is the utterance made by the Archbishop of York that â€Å"the true purpose of education is to produce citizens.† This statement sounds true not only the day it was uttered but also today. However in the modern day society, it’s a main

Chocolate Industry Is Becoming A Global Phenomenon Marketing Essay

Chocolate Industry Is Becoming A Global Phenomenon Marketing Essay Introduction Chocolate Industry is becoming a global phenomenon. Globally appetite for chocolates shows no signs of waning but a shift in consumption pattern is increasingly evident. In the year 2009 global confectionary market was estimated to be 88,740.2US $ million industry .From the year 2004-2009 it has grown by 33.2 % in terms of retail value .In terms of value chocolate confectionery market is the largest category accounting for almost 60% of the total sales. The giants of chocolate business have all dominated their respective regions for decades eg :-Kraft in Us,Cadbury In Britain. Cadbury Schweppes was formed by a merger in 1969 between Cadbury and Schweppes. Since 1842 Cadbury has gone from strength to strength. The most recent step to the success ladder for Cadbury is the takeover of the company by US food company Kraft which makes the company global confectionery leader. It has an outstanding portfolio of chocolate, gum, candybar .Since then the business has expanded into a leading international confectionery and beverages company. Through an active programme of both acquisitions and disposals the company has created a strong portfolio of brands which are sold in almost every country in the world. This report aims to throw light on Chocolate confectionery industry leader Cadbury with target market in India .A rapidly developing economy such as India would further gives me a chance for a much deeper analysis of the industry and overall market environment. Cadbury in India: Cadbury began its Indian operations as a trading company in 1947 with brands such as dairy milk, gems, 5star Bournvita and perk etc. Cadbury India Ltd is a local subsidiary of Cadbury Schweppes which holds in excess of 90 % shares in it. Cadbury in the last six decades has become synonymous with the word chocolate in India .It is one of the Classic examples of the brand coming to symbolise a product category. Innovation is also essential for ongoing success despite chocolate market being dominated by consistent performers .Cadbury India Ltd dominates the chocolate market in India with over 70%.It operates in four categories viz. Chocolate Confectionery, Milk Food Drinks, Candy and Gum category. Some of the key brands are Cadbury Dairy Milk, 5 star,  Perk,  Ãƒâ€°clairs  and  Celebrations. Market size The FMCG market in India is estimated to reach 27 billion in 2009. It is very highly fragmented market .In India the Chocolate confectionery market grew almost 22% in current value terms to reach Rs27 billion in 2009.Cadbury India Ltd is the leader in confectionary market in India Leading Brands in the market Nestle is the 2nd market leader with a share of 33% followed by Amul at 3.63%.Other competing products in the market are KIT KAT, NESTLÉ Eclairs ,Polo, Nestle Milky bar Nestle Bar one is one of the biggest competitor of 5 star ,Amuls Chocozoo product ,Amuls Milky Bar etc Brand Positioning A brand position is the market place a brand is perceived to occupy or what the brand stands for in a world of brands .This position includes the associations it has in the mind of the consumer .It includes the associations it has in the mind of the consumer .It includes all aspects of a brand: the product attributes, benefits and values. (MooijiMariekede, 2005). In a survey conducted by the Business world magazine in 2007 Cadbury had been ranked 5th in the FMCG sector in a survey on Indias most respected companies. PORTERS ANALYSIS New Entrants Rivalry Buyers Substitutes Suppliers Porter (1980) suggested that five main forces shape competition at the level of strategic business units and that a systematic analysis of each in turn can help managers identify the keys to competitiveness in their particular industry (Hooley, 2003) Rivalry among existing companies-Moderate Cadbury is undoubtedly the market leader in the Indian chocolate confectionery market .The main players in the chocolate confectionary market is Cadbury followed at 58.3% by Nestle at 33% and domestic brand Amul (Gujarat Co-operative Ltd) at a very small share of 3.63%.Private labels have not made an entry in chocolate confectionary .With Brands such as Cadbury and Nestle enjoying a strong brand equity as well as market dominance retailers have not ventured into the category as of 2009 .Since 2004-2009 the market shares by the companies have not seen a major change .Nestle is the only competitor with diverse range of product portfolio where as Amul core activity is in dairy products and it has a much smaller product portfolio than the leading players in India. Amul Chocozoo is the companys key innovative brand which does not have any parallels in the market. In India Cadbury enjoys very strong brand loyalty a classic example is the Worm Controversy in the year 2003 during the festiva l period in Diwali but a year later company was able to gain back the consumer confidence .Cadburys value share melted from 73 per cent in to 69.4 per cent during the year 2003.The recovery began in May 2004 when Cadburys value share went up to 71 per cent. This faster recovery was possible due the trust and loyalty of the consumers with the brand. Also due to strong brand loyalty Cadbury enjoys price elasticity and product differentiation plays a very small in competitive rivalry of the confectionery market. Threat of New entrants- Low In addition to considering existing rivals an organisation should also consider the potential for new entrants to emerge. Threat of new entrants in an industry depends upon the height of a number of entry barriers .In the chocolate confectionery market the capital cost of entry would be very high since Cadbury and Nestle being the only two companies with more than 70 percent share in the market. To compete with such well established MNCs it requires high investment making the threat of new entrants very low. Cadbury as a brand enjoys strong brand loyalty and emotional attachment by the consumers any potential new entrant will encounter resistance in trying to enter the industry .Brand loyalty will also be a significant factor in increasing the costs for consumers of switching to the products of new competitors. Threat of Substitutes-Low A substitute can be regarded as something that meets the same needs as the product of the industry .The extent of threat from a particular substitute will depend upon factors such as extent to which the price and performance of the industries product and performance of the substitute can match the industries product and the willingness of the buyers to switch to the substitute .In case of Cadbury the switching costs for the consumers is very low .Also consumers are very loyal to the brand making the threat of substitutes very low Bargaining power of suppliers- Moderate Cadbury Schweppes has around 40000 suppliers worldwide.  [1]  Parent company provided cocoa seeds and clonal materials for 8 years of operations to Cadbury India Ltd .It started cocoa farming in India to reduce dependence on imported cocoa beans. Cadbury India imports about 50 percent of the cocoa requirement .List of Key ingredients and their approximate percentage requirement is shown the below chart: Other Dry Fruits-3% Edible Oil-5% Malt Extract-9% Sugar Liquid Glucose-17% Milk (Powder/Liquid/Condensed)-20% Cocoa Beans/butter/powder -46% Like stated above key ingredients Sugar and Cocoa are bought from the commodity markets. Milk is bought regularly from farmers in the area near the factory to complement the supply coming from the original directly operated farm. Barley for malt is bought from four to five wholesalers. Manufactures have very little control over the prices of Sugar and Cocoa since they are mostly set by the government. Rest of the ingredients have less proportion as compared to cocoa and sugar hence their bargaining power is low. Over the recent years there has been growing concern of the trade policies and child labour issues in the cocoa industry Cadbury product Dairy Milk has been fair trade certified . Bargaining power of buyer- Moderate The extent to which buyer of a product exert power over an industry depends upon number of factors. To identify the bargaining power of the buyer for Cadbury its very important to identify who are the customers and consumers for the company .Customers are the people who sell the products to the people who consume them, for Cadbury they are the retailers and the distributors and consumers are the direct end people who consume. In the supply chain for Cadbury buyers include consumers, wholesalers, and supermarket chains. Market for the chocolate industry is highly fragmented. Existing brands such as Cadbury and Nestle have a strong presence of differentiation and brand loyalty leading to weakening of the buyer power. Major purchase in terms of volume is by the retailers giving them a better bargaining power but Cadbury enjoys good brand loyalty hence making it comparatively weak. Consumers have become accustomed to the brand and generally seem reluctant to shift loyalties to newer brands. Porters Generic strategy CADBURY Source: Competitive advantage As a competitive strategy, differentiation refers to a product or service that is different or somehow unique as perceived by the customer. (Grigsby Stahl, 1997)A firm can achieve differentiation for its products or services in a number of different ways .Cadbury India adopts the differentiation strategy to set itself in a unique way in the competitive envoirnment.Cadbury has over the decades build a brand image for the company through extensive advertising people have started associating with the brand emotionally and are very loyal. Cadbury has always tried to connect emotionally through its advertisement with the consumers .Company also regularly uses customer surveys as a means to align the advertisements with evolving consideration sets of customers and uses packaging as a tool to communicate quality. For example adds such as Kuch Meetha Ho Jaaye Is Diwali Ap Kisse Khush Karenge which means something sweet for the Diwali festival clearly shows the bond the company is trying to connect with the consumers. It also tries to add extra features into the product. Cadbury India invests heavily in advertisement for its products .This plays a very important role in differentiating strategies because the customer gets convinced that there is something different about the product. Differentiating firms usually employ substantial consumer research efforts to identify changing consumer tastes. Cadbury regularly invests in consumer research and research and development for its products .It regularly tries to innovate with the products. Company goes by the value it sets for itself i.e. performance driven, values led. Resource Based View A resource based view inside out perspective is fundamentally different from Porters outside in perspective. A resource based view of the firm draws an important distinction between comparative parity and competitive advantage (Barney ,1991).Parity is achieved by choosing and executing a business strategy comparable to that of competition firms .Generic strategy models are seen as leader to parity with the competition .By contrast ,competitive advantage requires that firms be unique by developing and deploying resources in unique ways that add value and are difficult to imitate (Gerhart Rynes, 2003).Resource based view says that a organization possess resources that are inputs into its production process .There are three such capital inputs: Physical, human and organizational .The use of these resources is determined by characteristics inside the company .When these characteristics are appropriate and an organization can achieve both competitive and a sustainable superior performanc e-usually expressed by relatively high levels of return on investment .The organization acts a collection of assets and capabilities providing a capacity for a sets of resources to effectively perform activity tasks. A firm can sustain a competitive advantage by the organization responsive to rapidly changing market conditions by both maintaining the development of existing resources and capabilities and creating new ones. An organization needs to identify these capabilities which provide it with a competitive advantage. Resources are of two types tangible and intangible .These resources for the company can be intensified using the VRIN model. Valuable Rare Imperfectly Imitable Non Substitutable With the Cadburys analysis of the external as well as internal environment of the firm i found below resources which can help to sustain competitive advantage in the market. Tangible assets Ranking from level 1-5 (Where 1 is the highest) Financial capital 1 Human resource 2 Intangible assets Brand reputation 3 Loyalty of customers 1 Goodwill 2 Research and development 5 Distribution network 4 Distinctive Capabilities Culture and values 1 Cadbury India has been decades in the Indian market and now enjoys a strong reputation and has maintained its market leader position for many years it has the largest market share in the Indian chocolate industry of more than 70 percent. Thus I would rank financial capital as no 1 tangible asset of Cadbury India. Cadbury India has been ranked as the 7th Great Place to Work and the No. 1 FMCG company in India in 2008, by the Great Place to Work Institute.  It is the fourth time that they have featured amongst the Great Places to Work in India. Cadbury India has also been awarded the Bronze Award for Excellence in People Management in the Great Place to Work 2007 survey conducted by Grow Talent Company Limited and Business world. The award recognizes Cadbury India as a national leader in the area of Human Resource Management. Thus making it very useful tangible asset for the company.  [2]  Cadbury India is a built upon reputation for fine products and services. Capabilities are more difficult to delineate and are often described as invisible assets .For Cadbury India undoubtedly it is the culture and value of the organization which it has carried on decades .It is a value driven company To summarise the essential elements of the resource based view from Cadbury Indias point of view are the resources stated as above which give the firm its distinct advantage and sets its apart. Also the role of management in converting these resources into positions of sustainable competitive advantage leading to a superior performance in the marketplace. Cadbury Indias Business Relationships with Stakeholders: Stakeholders are the customers, shareholders employees, suppliers, communities. I would be aiming to analyse the business relationships Cadbury has with its stakeholders, how it builds up long term relationship which is mutually beneficial and a collaborative effort Government Communities Employees Customers Stockholders Cadbury India Educational institutes, Future generations, Poor Media, Competitors, Suppliers Trade associations, Public Interest Group Unions, Political parties, Creditors Environment, Religious Groups A firm must satisfy the interests of all its participants since this will promote the interest of the shareholders. A Firm should try to enhance the interest of all the stakeholders. It should have a stakeholding approach to business behaviour. Cadbury India take part in various programs and activities for the overall community its shareholders etc.As part of its corporate social responsibility programme they promote physical activity and education that helps improve consumer health and prevent obesity  .They are also helping to build understanding of the energy equation particularly amongst children. Cadbury India does not vend its confectionery or carbonated soft drink products in primary schools and only vend these products in secondary schools by invitation and in line with nutritional guidelines set by the school. Company regularly invests in new science and increasing our scientific resources within our business. Were working with others (including government, campaigners, shareholders and customers) to help find solutions. weve withdrawn from advertising directed specifically at children aged less than eight years where theyre the majority of the audience and weve introduced a global Marketing Code of Practice, whi ch includes specific reference to children. Cadburys Marketing code Supporting sensible consumption and balanced life style also signifies the company values towards the consumers  [3]   Good relationships with supplier and other stakeholders can also provide an increased repertoire of insights and responses, greater efficiencies and more opportunities for creating problem solving. This is especially important for Cadbury constantly tries to innovate its products and services to maintain their market share .Since Cadbury has a strong stakeholder relationship it also provides the company with a measure of stability in a turbulent environment. During the Worm infest crisis of 2003 it was very difficult time for the company but due to the solid relation it has with its customers, stakeholder it was able to win back their trust and gain the largest market share by 2004. Analysis and Conclusions: Cadburys competitive advantage comes from highly related and producing similar products lines based on existing technologies .For example Cadbury dairy milk, Dairy milk shots. I feel since Cadbury targets similar product market some of the customer bases Moreover it has the ability to offer big portfolio to meet customer needs .Since Cadbury is already the market leader in the chocolate confectionery in India it can focus on the current portfolio effectively using this as a base to venture into new products or entering into similar industry. Also it can be noted that the markets that it has already captured are in to the maturity stage and product needs constant innovation and development to sustain in the long run. India has a vast population though Cadbury has a very large and diverse distribution network still there would be lot of untapped market potential it should concentrate on getting the best distribution system. Also as the market develops consumers become more experienced and discerning and look for more benefits from the products they choose. Cadbury should regularly try to re-work exiting brands and develop new ones to meet consumer demands. Bibliography Abbott, John C..  Agricultural Marketing Enterprises for the Developing World: With Case Studies of Indigenous Private, Transnational Co-operative and Parastatal Enterprise. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990.   Barney, J.B., (1991), Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management; 17, (1), pp.99-120 Campbell, David J., Bill Houston, and George Stonehouse.  Business Strategy: An Introduction. Manual ed. St. Louis: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999 Clegg, Stewart, Martin Kornberger, and Tyrone Pitsis.  Managing and Organizations: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Ltd, 2008. Gerhart, Barry, and Sara L. Rynes.  Compensation: Theory, Evidence, and Strategic Implications (Foundations for Organizational Science). 1 ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc, 2003. Grigsby, David W., and Michael J. Stahl.  Strategic Management: Total Quality and Global Competition. New York, NY: Wiley, 1997. Hitt, Michael A., Robert E. Hoskisson, and R. Duane Ireland.  Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization, Concepts and Cases. 9 ed. Mason, OH: South-Western College Pub, 2010. Hooley, Graham J., Nigel Piercy, and John A. Saunders.  Marketing Strategy and Competitive Positioning. 3 ed. London: Financal Times Management, 2003. Print. Mooij, Marieke de .  Global Marketing and Advertising: Understanding Cultural Paradoxes. Third Edition ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, Inc, 2009. Moschandreas, Maria.  Business Economics. 2 ed. New York: Cengage Learning Business Press, 1999. Mujamdar, Ramanuj.  Product Management in India. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall Of India Pvt.Ltd, 2004. Steiner, George A., and John F. Steiner.  Business, Government and Society: A Managerial Perspective. 12Rev Ed ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Svendsen, Ann.  The Stakeholder Strategy: Profiting from Collaborative Business Relationships. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 1998. Food fight. Economist, 00130613, 11/7/2009, Vol. 393, Issue 8656 Academic Search Premier Business strategy: an introduction By David Campbell, George Stonehouse, Bill Houston Business, government, and society: a managerial perspective : text and cases  By George Albert Steiner, John F. Steiner Nestlà © : Chocolates Confectionery.  Nestlà © : Home  . N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Dec. 2009. . Welcome to Amul The Taste of India .  Welcome to Amul The Taste of India  . N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Dec. 2009. . Cadbury Global We apologise for the delay.  Cadbury Global  . N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Jan. 2010. . Cadbury India Ltd..  Cadbury India Ltd.. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Dec. 2009. . Chocolate Confectionery India report-2009-Euromonitor http://0-www.portal.euromonitor.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/Portal/ResultsList.aspx Cadbury India Ltd- Company factfile -Euromonitor International-http://0-www.portal.euromonitor.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/Portal/ResultsList.aspx Cadbury India Ltd Packaged Food India- Euromonitor International-http://0-www.portal.euromonitor.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/Portal/ResultsList.aspx

Individualism and Collectivism Culture Theories Essay -- Culture

Individualism and Collectivism are two accepted theories that are commonly used when dealing with one’s culture and political views. According to Kemmelmeier, H. M. and Coon, Individualism and Collectivism concepts has been used to â€Å"depict, clarify, and envision divergence in people’s opinion, behavior, principles, attribution, self perception, socialization, and communication.† Nonetheless, individualism and collectivism has shared some mutual views as well as incongruous stances on humanity, the disposition of human beings, the affiliation of society and the characteristics of people in the individualistic culture. Individualism and Collectivism have shared common goals, nevertheless they agrees on what should be achieve, but their opinion differ in how we should attain what needs to be achieved. Many philosophers has pinpointed a difference in these two theories explaining that â€Å"societies can be contrasted along an individualistic-collectivistic a xis, with those toward the individualistic end emphasizing the â€Å"I† and those toward the other end emphasizing the â€Å"we† in thinking about, evaluating, and enacting communicative conducting.† Individualism has been associated with the I- identity and collectivism being associated with the We- identity. In using these pronouns as identification it speaks volume as what each theory is about. The individualism or the I-identity has been categorize as persons that place emphasis on themselves or their immediate family, it has been evident that certain countries has put this identity into practice such as The United States of America, Australia, France, and Canada. Individualist centralize their lifestyles surrounds self actualization and individual achievement; they believe in equality bu... ...fstede, G. (2009, June). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture (Unit 17, Chapter 14).  ©International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. Donal Carbaugh, Intercultural Theory [on-line] Available from http://eco.ittralee.ie/personal/theories_III.php#1; Internet. Lustig, Myron and Jolene Koester. 1998. Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal Communication Across Cultures (3rd Ed.). (Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1998), 30. Coon, H.M. & Kemmelmeier M. (2001) Cultural orientation in the United States. (re) examining differences among ethnic groups. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology 32, 348-364 Stella Ting-Toomey. (2005). The matrix of Face: An Updated Face-Negotiation Theory,† in William Gudykunst, Ed., Theorizing about intercultural communication. Sage Publications. 71-92.

Moral Influence in Great Expectations Essay

Show the Moral Influence on Pip in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations Symbolism as it is used in literature aims to project the internal aspects of an individual’s character through the external aspects in reality. Charles Dickens, in his novel, Great Expectations uses symbolism in order to reflect other individuals’ moral influence on Pip. Consider for example the following instances. In the novel’s initial chapter, one is presented with the character of Pip who is described as an orphan with a vivid imagination. As he recounts his initial experiences in life, Pip mentions that his â€Å"most vivid and broad impression of the identity of things, seems†¦to have been gained on a memorable raw afternoon towards evening† (Dickens, 1992, p. 3). It was during this evening that Pip met the convict, Magwitch. The use of symbolism in his encounter with Magwitch is evident as Pip’s initial introduction to the villainous aspects of man’s nature, in the form of Magwitch, occurred during the transition from day to night. One sees here how Dicken’s uses the shift from day to night as a means of shifting the mood within the novel in such a way that will prepare the reader for his encounter with an individual who is in possession of a questionable moral character. In addition to this, one perceives here the manner through which Magwitch’s moral character affects Pip’s moral disposition as Pip was introduced to committing morally questionable actions through his chance encounter with Magwitch. As opposed to the use of darkness as a means of symbolizing the immoral aspects of man, Dickens also uses the light as a means of symbolizing the moral aspects of man. For example, one is presented with Pip’s initial encounter with Estella. Estella, which literally means star, is presented as an ‘angelic’ being who inspires Pip to desire for the finer things in life. Reference Dickens, C. (1992). Great Expectations. London: Wordsworth Editions, 1992.

The Cultural Revolution of the 1920s Essays

The Cultural Revolution of the 1920s Essays The Cultural Revolution of the 1920s Essay The Cultural Revolution of the 1920s Essay The 1920s were times of cultural revolution.The times were changing in many different ways.Whenever the times change, there is a clash between the old and the new generations.The 1920s were no exception. In Dayton, Tennessee, 1925, a high school biology teacher was arrested.He was arrested because he taught the theory of evolution. The teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of having violated the Butler Act.This was a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of the theory of evolution in public schools.The Tennessee legislature felt that teaching evolution was wrong because it contradicted the creation theory of the Bible.The Scopes trial received worldwide publicity.The press nicknamed it the Monkey Trial because, people believed that the theory of evolution meant that humans were descended from monkeys. Clarence Darrow was the defense lawyer.Former U.S. secretary of state William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor.The defense argued that the Butler Act was unconstitutional.They did n ot deny that Scopes had broken the law. He was convicted and fined $100. Darrow was quoted as saying, Scopes isnt on trial, civilization is on trial.The world was changing and scientific advances made it harder to fully accept the Bibles interpretation of creation.The older generation seemed set in their ways.It would seem that a science was on trial defending itself against traditional beliefs. The Red Scare was the result of wartime tensions.There was a growing fear of communism during the 1920s.The Red Scare became like a witch-hunt.Everyone was suspicious of each other.U. S. Attorney-General Palmer planned a round up of communists.January 2, 1920, he ordered department raids on meeting halls and homes in thirty cities nationwide to gather all suspected communists.Twenty seven hundred people were arrested without being charged with a specific crime.In all, more than 6,000 people were arres

The Diary Of Anne Frank Essays - Anne Frank, Women In World War II

The Diary Of Anne Frank Essays - Anne Frank, Women In World War II The Diary of Anne Frank 3/04/99 blk 2 Journeying back to the early nineteenth century, when Nazi forces occupied Germany during World War II, the lives of those living in this territory was spent in constant fear and anxiety. The Diary of Anne Frank leads readers through the harsh times of a family trying to escape imprisonment in concentration camps by Nazi soldiers, where death was almost certain. Born on June 12, 1929, Anne Frank was a German-Jewish teenager who was forced to go into hiding during the Holocaust. She and her family, along with four others, spent 25 months during World War II in an annex of rooms above her father's office in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. During the two years in hiding which Anne refers to as "a time when the ideals are being shattered and destroyed, when the worst side of human nature predominates, when every one has come to doubt truth, justice and God (pg.327)." Anne kept a diary that was given to her by her father, Otto Frank, on her birthday. Between June 1942 and August 1944, from Anne's thirteenth birthday until shortly after her fifteenth birthday, Anne recorded her feelings, her emotions, and her thoughts, as well as the events that happened to her. "?[I]deas, dreams, and cherished hopes rise within us only to meet the horrible truth and be shattered?yet in spite of everything I still believe that people are really good at heart (pg. 327)." The diary is an accurate record of the way Anne grows up and matures, in the unfortunate situation she found herself. Given the circumstances in which the novel is written Anne gave a very vivid description of her surroundings and the feelings she encountered throughout her ordeal. The novel displays the grief and frustration that is experienced throughout the time spent in hiding. The emotions of the situation are captured in the text and gives validity to the pain and frustration encountered. Despite the amusing and enlightening side of the diary, that documents the process of her adolescence, it also provides a vividly terrifying description of what it was like to be Jewish hiding during the time the Nazis sought to kill all the Jews in Europe. After two years of living in the "secret annex", behind a bookcase, and having to be extremely quite during the day so that the workers in the office and warehouse below could not hear them the family was captured. The betrayal of Anne and her family to the Nazis and their placement under arrest lead to their deportation to concentration camps. In an entry on August 1, 1944, Anne confides to her diary an analysis of her situation. She concludes that her behavior has been a front during her years in hiding to help her cope with the people surrounding her. Nine months after her arrest, Anne wrote that "?if only there were no other people in the world (pg.331)." The writings give Anne's thought wishful pretense that if no one else were in the world, that the pain and suffering would end. Anne gives readers a sense of truth and honesty about her situation that allows the reader to experience her life as a stubborn, touchingly vulnerable teenager who one minute is in love with the world and the next detached. This book is an extraordinary piece of work written by a young woman finding her way in captivity. Anne was an immensely gifted writer and a person of great sensitivity. She shows her depth through emotions as well as by absolving the feeling of others and communicating them through writing. Anne's true personality is brought to life on every page and allows the reader to feel as though they actually know her. Whether enthralled in the heights of ecstasy over her budding fascination with Peter Van Dann, another teen hiding in the "annex", or drowning in the depths of despair over her life in hiding, Anne would always confide her private thoughts and interest in her diary. Anne's vivid writing allows the reader to experience second hand what it was like to be a teenage Jewish girl confined to an inside world with little resources except necessities to survive. The detail in which her story is told gives light to the talents and emotions a young mind experienced as she deals with traumatic situations. For its insights into the life of a German-Jewish child living in Germany during Nazi occupation, The Diary of Anne Franks, offers a vivid, realistic

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Comparative Study of State and Local Governments - Research Paper Example Government of California The Californian government differs from other governments in a number of ways - from the laws to how it offers its services to its residents. It possesses one of the longest constitutions in the history of the world, caused by construed individual provisional rights that have been made broader than any other bill of rights. These rights help protect individual against oppression and illegal practices in relation to securing their life and rights of living. The law extrapolates on how every citizen is dealt with in any case of any happening or occurrence. The difference is also triggered by execution of three branches of governance which are: the executive, the legislative and the judicial branch. The California government differs from other states and governments in that it has an institution, even though not stipulated in the constitution but plays a major role in implementing laws. The institution comprises of the governor, assembly speaker, assembly minori ty leader, president of the senate and senate minority leader. The big five meet in private closed meetings to discuss pending bills in the formal legislature since it is an informal institution. California’s direct democracy system is approached with high aggressiveness contrary to all other states. It gives the population free will of giving their unprecedented opinions collectively in choosing good governance rather than electing representatives. Its gives the people pure and preferred choice in passing executive motions, conducting trials, making laws, election of officials and dismissing errant officials. The Californian system of direct democracy has positive effects on the government, in that it protects grievances of the people majorly done by them. This type of government gives audience to all its residents and deals with each of their problems. Contrary, a representative government will only shed light to problems that affect particular areas especially when they ac crue vested interest. Such a government ensures that services are consumer friendly so as to reduce uproars from the population. When such a population decides to take on the streets for a demonstration, the whole economy is left at a stand still. The governor in California State has accrued extensive powers in running the state. He or she heads the executive branch, which includes lieutenant governor, attorney general, state secretary, state treasure and state controller. The governor has powers and responsibilities to sign laws passed by legislature, appoint judges, command state militia, propose state budget and grant pardons among others. These aspects grant the governor more powers than the legislature since he approves all the decisions and without his consent, they are doomed for failure. Provision of funds to state and local governments have given a boost to direct democracy in that the channels of communications are dropped to reach people at grass root levels. This idea at tributes many people in bringing out their opinions on possible castigations they are experiencing and end up with a rapport with the government. Similarly, local governments and states reduce the distance covered by people when they require services from the government. Funs provided are used to construct offices and support

Sexual harassment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sexual harassment - Case Study Example Burger King Restaurants, the largest franchisee is paying $2.5 million in order to settle fed-eral claims of sexual harassment. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission says the agree-ment with Carrols Corp. covers 89 female employees around the country. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission alleged that Carrols employees subjected women in dozens of restaurants to unwanted touching, obscene comments, strip searches, exposure of genitalia, and rape. However, the Burger King Restaurants Company did not admit any wrongdoing and said in a statement that it settled the case to avoid litigation costs. This particular settlement required Burger King Restaurants to improve its ability to respond to harassment charges. Syracuse, N.Y.-based Carrols owns and op-erates more than 570 Burger King Restaurants in 13 states. Carrols was accused of sexual harass-ment and a widespread violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. Burger King's largest franchi-see--Carrols Restaurant Group I nc. agreed to a $2.5 million settlement with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) on Tuesday, this marked the end of a 14-year sexual harassment case in which Carrols was accused of widespread violation of Title VII of The Civil Rights Act. According to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the money will go to 88 former employees and one current employee, the remaining claimants out of 90,000 female em-ployees that the EEOC initially contacted to investigate Carrols' alleged harassment. In spite of this, Carrols did not admit wrongdoing as a component of the settlement, and the CEO of the company, Daniel Accordino said in a statement: "We unequivocally do not tolerate sexual harassment in our workplace." The company however did agree to augment its anti-harassment policies and increase training, and will be reporting to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) for two years. This story relate to ideas that we have discussed in the course concerning sexual harassment and human resources. According to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC, sexual harassment is a form of gender discrimination in violation of Title VII of Civil Rights Act 1964.   In fact, by 1998, the Supreme Court of the United States made employers more liable for employee sexual harassment. Nevertheless, the Society for Human Resource Management has documented in their report that 62%of companies today offer programs on sexual harassment prevention training, and 97% have a written policy of sexual harassment (Crouch, 2009). In the case of the Burger King Restaurants, there were some inconsistencies as there was no clear sexual harassment policy written. Over 88 female employees reported sexual harassment and have been compensated due to laxity of the company to define a

Information And Research Methods In Business Paper

Information And Methods In Business - Research Paper Example Immediately prior to the generalization, however, we review the recent literature immediately available on the topic to reexamine our perspective and build our generalizations on a more stable foundation. There are three basic ways of identifying, summarizing and analyzing product quality problems. One basic way is to identify, summarize, and analyze product quality problem from the point of view of the consumer. The second basic way is to identify, summarize, and analyze product quality problems from the viewpoint of distributors. The second will only be applicable for businesses that tap distribution companies for a product. The third basic way is to identify, summarize, and analyze product quality problems from the point of view of our retailers. Like the second, this will not always apply to all types of businesses. Finally, the fourth basic way is to identify, summarize, and analyze product quality problems from the perspective of quality control and of a quality control system. In identifying product quality problems as perceived by our consumers, we can implement two kinds of research. One research can identify, summarize, and analyze product quality problem as perceived by the consumers of our product. The second research can focus on the target consumers of our product and identify, summarize, and analyze product quality problems as perceived by the target consumers of our product. In doing a research on quality problem among our consumers, we may want to follow the statistical protocol with regard to computation of the percentage of our consumer who desires certain changes or improvements in our product. A good material for this is Walpole et al. (2007, p. 299-302). For estimation related to means, Walpole et al. (2007) are also useful but one may wish to supplement the discussion on the material with insights from Dekking.

Comparison Contrast Between Iphone and Blackberry Essay Example for Free

Comparison Contrast Between Iphone and Blackberry Essay My world and Ray Bradbury’s world has some similarities and some differences. Both of our worlds have characters that agree with the negative effect of technology and the positive effect of it. To me I would agree with the positive effect of technology because without it people wont be the same as today. Have you ever thought of living without an iPod, laptop, cell phone, car, or a TV? Just take a second and imagine. Well, I can’t and I never could imagine that because ever since I was young, my whole life was based on technology. To me, technology is everything and without it I would feel lost, bored, and confused. Manny people would think that technology is the reason why were living, this is because its impact on everything we do. Like communicating, transporting, and being happy, However Technology is important because it is rapidly changing the way people are living. When I was in fifth grade my first electronic device that I used was a T-Mobile phone that my dad got me. I was so excited about, that I use to hold it in my hand 24/7 just to show off with it like I’m holding an iPhone. The phone was pretty, it was pink and it had some flowers on it. I use to always text my only one friend that I had on my phone, until my dad took it back from me and regret giving it to me, because I wasn’t ready for it. I was sad at that time, but then I realized that it’s not worth it. Staying up all night talking to your friend when she goes to the same school, now that’s just stupid. Later in the years I became more mature, and I got to explore on more stuff about technology that would just blow my mind off. An IPod touch came to my mind I felt like this is the most remarkable thing that have ever been invented. I told my dad that I wanted it and so he got it for me as a graduation present from elementary. I was so happy about it, that all I could remember is that I download 2 thousand songs as if I was going to listen to all of them. And I noticed that I wasted my time doing that, just for fun when I don’t even like listening to music that much. Currently my dad got me a Toshiba laptop, of course I loved it and at that time and I was so excited about it. But then when I got into school we started using Macbook, and I realized that its so much better then mine. So I started hating the one that I was using currently, and I begin to dislike everything about such as the word document and so on. And that’s because I wanted the better and newer one. I mean look at how fast technology can get, it changed my mind view of my new laptop that I just got to a newer one that I used in school for a couple of days. These days, technology is taking over us with out us knowing. Technology has influenced us in so many ways, we now think that the Internet is our first priority and we stopped spending time with our family like we use to do in the good ol’ days. I found that sad even though I do it myself with out knowing. The Internet is getting better, but worse at the same time, me, myself, and I try to take the good things from it and just ignore the other stuff. When I finished reading Fahrenheit 451, I noticed that there were many similarities and differences between my world and their world. The main thought that stood out for me was that my community in this world like to know about things but in Fahrenheit 451, they don’t really care about socializing or knowing stuff. I also found that in my world people love technology 99% of them cant even live with out it including me. But what I’m trying to say here is that in Fahrenheit 451 they all have negative effect about technology. One of the differences in my world is that when you go anywhere you would find books. In my world books are used to research a project, or to learn about life and so much more other stuff. Although I think these days not many use them as much as they use the Internet to find out stuff. But talking about Fahrenheit 451 they are not allowed owning a book. When there is hidden forms of information, opinion, or sense of understanding, that makes the society becomes unsuccessful, which show the necessity of books. Without the steady current of Information that books offers, the world of Fahrenheit will create weakness in society. People, in the novel, are left not knowing what true happiness because of the empty knowledge. Second reason that is similar in my world is the Parlor wall. In the novel, Mildred has a family on the television, which he uses to replace his own family with media, since it offers more happiness and less investment of her time, which is quicker than in real life. This wall is a flat screen kind of looking thing that would get people together for hours and make them communicate with each other even though they don’t know each other. This is the same in our world; Because people now a days would just ignore sitting with family, witch is the most important thing in life, and they would just create there own fun people that they would talk to 24/7 instead of setting with there family. Over all, you can see that our world and Fahrenheit 451 world is like total difference. And in my point of view I think our world is so much better. Technology in my world has a better use, we some use actually work with it, but the other half would actually just use it for entertainment just like what they do in Fahrenheit 451. In conclusion, I would say that technology has a huge impact in anyone’s life. It is part of who we are today. Facebook, MySpace, Skype, Twitter is now necessity to the world. Our world is growing bigger and smarter. We now have everything that you have never thought of when you were young. And that is where it all comes from â€Å"Technology†.

American Songs that Record Culture and History Essay -- Music Communic

American Songs that Record Culture and History As has been said many times over, songs are a reflection of society. They give insight into feelings, moods, historical changes, and the overall atmosphere of the society. Our American society is diverse and so too is our music. There are many genres of music and there were many evolutions to create those genres. Further, what happens in society, the historical changes, also effect those changes. Sex, drugs, alcohol. They are influential substance/actions by all accounts. Love, hate, sadness, desire, fear. They are strong emotions. In songs played on the radio there are many songs with references to both the good and bad of the topics mentioned above. However, just because there are songs in reference to drugs and alcohol does that make all Americans druggies and alcoholics? Not by any means. However the group singing a song may represent one portion of American society who deals with such issues at all times. Let’s take the song â€Å"Tipsy† by J-Kwon, a young rap artist for example. â€Å"Teen drinking is very bad...

Bureaucracy & Democracy

Democracy is a term with several meanings and this has led to a genuine misconception as to its real meaning. To some, bureaucracy is red tape, to others it is officialdom and to some it is an organizational form (Cole p25). Observation and studies on bureaucracy have been done by many academicians among them Max Weber (1864-1920). Weber wanted to find out why people in many organizations obeyed those in authority over them. Weber observed that people obeyed legitimate authority and he identified three types of legitimate authority as traditional authority, charismatic authority and rational-legal authority.It is the rational-legal form of authority that exists in most organizations today and this is the form to which Weber ascribed the term ‘bureaucracy’. Weber outlined the main features of bureaucracy as a continuous organization of functions bound by rules, specified spheres of competence, a hierarchical arrangement of offices, appointments to offices made on grounds of technical competence, the separation of officials from the ownership of the organization, official positions exist on their own right and finally rules, decisions and actions are formulated and recorded in writing (Cole p 26).Weber felt that bureaucracy was indispensable for large organizations and there is no doubt that this form organization has been adopted in one way or another virtually in all forms of enterprises the world over. Government bureaucracy: â€Å"If men were angels, no government would be necessary† James Madison and for governments bureaucracy is form of governance that is practicable.However this form of governance has critics and the views of Amy are that bureaucracy is a governance structure that is often perceived negatively by a number of people but he says that most criticisms of government bureaucracy are based more on myths than reality (Amy 2007 p1-8). Amy’s observation is that people normally associate bureaucracy to massive waste, ineff iciency, poor service, ever-growing organizations, mindless rules and realms of useless forms. For these people there is nothing good about bureaucracy as those working in such systems are considered to be lazy, hostile, overpaid, imperious and inflexible.In his arguments, Amy dismisses what he terms the four myths about bureaucracy; 1. Myth no 1: Bureaucracies are immensely wasteful. Tax payers wrongly or rightly believe that much of the tax increases are a result of wastefulness arising from bureaucracies. Government agencies are considered not only wasteful but enormously wasteful. A survey carried out revealed that Americans believe that 48 cents of every tax dollar going to bureaucracies such the Social Security Administration are wasted (Amy 2007).Amy says that investigations by the Government Accounting Office and various blue-ribbon commissions have found that waste amounts to a small fraction of that figure. 2. Myth no 2: Business is always better than bureaucracy. As per A my, there have been many empirical studies examining government bureaucracies versus business in many areas, including refuse collection, electrical utilities, public transportation, water supply systems and hospital administration. The findings have been mixed.Some studies of electric utilities have found that publicly owned ones were more efficient and charged lower prices than privately owned utilities. Several other studies found the opposite while many others found no significant difference. 3. Myth no 3: We want the government to act like a business. The main concern of the government is quality of the service not its costs unlike the business who are obsessed with the bottom-line and hence looking for the cheapest way to make a product or deliver as service.For example it will be imprudent to spend the least amount of resources in the air traffic control system or to look for the cheapest workforce to take charge of security at the airports. 4. Myth no 4: Bureaucracy is major cause of government growth. Conservatives argue that government bureaucracies have an inherent tendency to expand. However figures show that federal agencies have not been growing at an alarming rate. For example in 1970, about 2997000 civilians worked for the federal government at that time.By 2007 that figure had actually gone down to 2695000. An article in published by the Suburban Emergence Management Project (2006 home page) states that the Hurricane Katrina response by the federal, state and local governments in August-September 2005 caused some people to lose faith in the bureaucratic approach used by traditional government hierarchies to organize the provision of services to users who desperately needed them. For example, at the local level, New Orleans Mayor told the U.S. Senate Committee on Homeland Security that he could not commandeer the dozens available school buses to evacuate people because the school boards owned buses, he had no authority over the boards and there was no agreement for the use of the buses. At the state level, the Governor delayed use of military forces to begin reconstitution of the stricken localities until she could validate her authority to rule the troops by disallowing federal National Guards in her state.At the federal level, the President, the Homeland Security Secretary and Federal Emergency Management Agency director could provide services to users of New Orleans during Katrina only at the discretion of the governor of Louisiana. Conclusion: There are areas where government bureaucracy is more effective while in other cases it is counterproductive as evidenced during the Hurricane Katrina crisis. Works cited Amy, D. J. (2007). ‘The case of Democracy, The government is Good We the People; An unapologetic Defense of vital institution’.Available at accessed on April 2, 2009. Pages 1-8 Cole, G. (2004). Management Theory and Practice, 6th Edition published, by Thomson Learning 2004. 25-28. Suburban Emergenc y Management Project (2006), ‘Government Bureaucracy and Two Newer Cultural Approaches to Provide Services Delivery to the Citizenry during Disasters’, Biot Report #411: November 07, 2006. Available at < http://www. semp. us/public/biot_reder. php? BiotID=411 > accessed on April 3, 2009.

Abraham Conclusion Essay

While writing the whole play for my group, and doing research, I learned a lot of things about Abraham. God helped Abraham a lot, first with the blessing, then Lot, and even for the birth of Isaac. Most of the time when something bad happens, Abraham doubted God. God never zapped him, or kill him, He was patient. At the end, Abraham could not help Isaac find a wife himself for he is weak and old, he trusted that God will help him like the way God helped him before. I think faith means to trust God completely, 100%. True faith is shown, when you yourself could not help anymore, only God could. And you trust unto Him a very hard job, being sure that He will be able to do it. See more: Beowulf essay essay This happened when Abraham was too old to go look for a wife for Isaac, he had faith that God will find one for him, and God did. What I learned about God while reading about Abraham is that God is very patient. Every time Abraham questions or doubts him, he doesn’t get angry. I also learned that God is faithful and true to his word. Every single promise God made came true, though not the way some people expected it. Last of all, I learned that God is omniscience. Though Sarah is very old and beyond the age of child bearing, God was able to make her have her son, the son that was the one to take the true blessing, Isaac.

Charley Chaplin Movie Review essays

Charley Chaplin Movie Review essays The movie is set in the 1930s during the Great Depression era. The film's main concerns are unemployment, poverty, and hunger. Chaplin alternates jobs from an assembly-line factory worker, a shipyard worker, a department store night watchman, an overstressed singing waiter, or an occupant in jail. He is constantly hassled by the 'Big Brother' factory boss, a minister, a sheriff, a shipyard foreman, a department store manager, etc. The film opens with an overhead shot of a flock of sheep shoved in their sheep pen and then the sheep dissolve into a similar overhead shot of industrial workers pushing out of a subway station on their way to work in a factory. Charlie Chaplins character The Tramp is a factory worker whose job it is to tighten bolts on an endless series of machine parts. Under the strain of the job, he finally goes crazy, slowly engulfed by the assembly line. He is hustled off in a car by a white-coated assistant, to be treated in a mental hospital for a nervous breakdo wn. Out on the streets, a young orphaned girl is hungry and wants to help feed her family. Her father is killed and her sisters are now in the hands of social service. She runs off from them and onto the streets of the town. She meets Chaplin and they agree to help each other. They go through many ups and downs with Charlie going to jail several times and not finding a home to live in. They both finally find a job and are successful until the social service men recognize her and try to arrest her. They both escape and walk along a long road to their new life together. The workers are portrayed as being machines. They work non-stop and have to work with the speed of the conveyer belt. They are seen as being substitution for machines. The harder they work, the more products will be made, the more money the company will get. The owner is the man that collects the money from the products that the workers make. He is seen ...

The eNotes Blog 10 Ways To Get More Sleep DuringFinals

10 Ways To Get More Sleep DuringFinals Since when do â€Å"sleep† and â€Å"finals† belong in the same sentence? By the end of the semester, it seems almost natural to swap sleep for study. While this may have earned you an A in the past, it’s not sustainable and can negatively alter your overall performance come test time. Sleep deprivation leads to less efficient learning, higher emotionality, increased anxiety, and a less efficient brain.  Ultimately, getting enough sleep is the best thing you can do for yourself during finals week. Therefore, cut back on the caffeine, establish a sleep schedule, and feel well-rested by the time you’re sitting down for your first exam. Lets look at 10 simple ways to get more sleep this finals week. 1. Reset your body clock It’s no surprise that our bodies desire consistent sleep patterns. While the amount of sleep varies based on the individual, it’s a great habit to establish a sleep schedule. Try setting your alarm for the same time each morning and going to bed around the same time each night. This helps your body get into the groove of a routine to have you feeling well rested by the time your alarm goes off. 2. Avoid all-nighters In reality, no one wants to pull all-nighters. Theyre simply the result of procrastination and actually do more harm than good. After staying up all night, youre less likely to remember everything you were trying to study and your ability to reason may be impaired from lack of sleep.  You should aim to  get at least four hours of sleep the night before any test. Besides, doesnt your bed sound way more appealing than another energy drink? 3. Nourish your body Hours of studying may have you consuming ungodly amounts of caffeine while maintaining a strict vending-machine diet. It’s vital to stay hydrated and consume full meals regardless of how long you’re sitting in the library. When your brain is functioning on a full reserve of water, you think faster, are more focused, and experience greater clarity and creativity.   Neglecting to properly nourish your body will cause it to crash, ultimately disrupting your mood and sleep patterns. Use your study breaks as an opportunity to eat something substantial so you’ll have enough energy throughout the day. 4. Study on Sundays I know what youre thinking: why would you ever give up a day of your weekend to study? Though Sunday may be a day of rest, its not a bad idea to carve out some time to prepare for the week ahead. Reviewing material before Monday also helps open up some free time during the week as well as provide time-management insight. Above all, youll be able to cross one more thing off your to-do list to ensure youre getting enough rest during the week. 5. Exercise! Did you know that just 30 minutes of cardio can actually improve your memory?  Whether youre jogging, dancing, or walking, the point is to take a short study break to get moving. Releasing endorphins helps maintain productivity and keeps you in a good mood. Taking some time to exercise also helps  improve sleep quality, reduce stress, and relieve anxiety. If you feel like you dont have enough time to spare, you can always bring your study material to the gym or create some study audio you can listen to on the go. 6. Unplug before bed Weve all been there: mindlessly scrolling through our news feed before bed only to realize weve stayed up way longer than anticipated. Electronics emit a blue hue that is similar to daylight. Looking at your electronics before bed not only makes it harder to fall asleep but also impacts how alert you are the next day. Make a conscious effort to avoid the use of light-emitting screens before bedtime. Treat your bed as a sanctuary for sleep and engage in other restful activities like reading or meditating. 7. De-stress Finals week is undoubtedly one of the most stressful times of the school year and, in turn, can interrupt how well youre sleeping. It can be difficult to keep calm and carry on when youre feeling overwhelmed. Finding time to partake in some de-stressing activities will benefit your overall well-being. Try taking a yoga class, exploring aromatherapy, or treating yourself to a warm bath. During finals week, schools will often offer free massages, puppy play dates, and other on-campus activities to help minimize your stress. Find something youll enjoy, and relax- you deserve it. 8. Keep your room cool Perhaps youve never thought twice about the temperature in your room or how its affecting your sleep patterns.  For optimal sleep, specialists recommend a room temperature of between 60 and 67 degrees to stimulate the production of melatonin.  Once we lay down to rest, our body temperature naturally drops, igniting our instinct to sleep. So the next time you get ready for bed, turn down your thermostat and see how long it takes you to drift off to dreamland. 9. Use your bed solely for sleep While your bed may seem like the most appealing place to start studying, think again. Studying in bed can limit focus, decrease your productivity, and inhibit your sleep. Its important to distinguish where you sleep from where you study or else you may end up falling asleep while youre studying. If your goal is to study somewhere comfortable, look into setting up a hammock outside or laying a blanket out at the park. If you inevitably fall asleep, allow yourself to take a nap before you start a study session. Theres no shame in a little snooze. 10. Plan ahead Time management is the most obvious key to success. Take the time to plan out a schedule that is realistic. Allow yourself time to do the things you want while still dedicating some time to study. Don’t feel obligated to attend every end of the year event that will sabotage your schedule and sacrifice sleep. Focus on what you need to do to finish and plan accordingly. The finish line is in sight!   Studying takes time and commitment; however, theres no need to neglect your regular self-care regiments come finals week. Dont think of sleep as the enemy, for it is necessary for success. It is the time for the brain to consolidate memories of what we studied and learned that day. Therefore, listen to your body and allow yourself to rest. Best of luck on all of your end-of-the-year endeavors and may the odds be ever in your favor! (All Images Via Unsplash.com)