Compare the will theory and the interest theory of rights. Which is Essay

Compare the get out theory and the interest theory of rights. Which is most plausible - Essay ExampleThis paper undertakes a proportional analysis of the will theory and the interest theory of rights and considers which theory is more plausible. It is submitted at the outset that the tenseness amid the legal protection of gentle rights, political constraints and the extent of individual protection highlights the conflict between legal enforcement of rights in practice and supposititious concepts of ethics based on the will theory (Donnelly, 2003, p.7). To this end, it is submitted that in context of the coetaneous framework of international relations, the interest theory of rights would appear to most plausible. From a theoretical perspective, Kant was a leading proponent of the will theory and his theory of wills stems from Kants theory of enlightenment with the bid that enlightenment is mans emergence from incurred immaturity and that the concept of immaturity stems from se lf-infliction due to lack of courageousness (Kant, in Nisbet & Reiss, 1991). This in turn correlates to Kants primal theory pertaining to the underlying rationale of being tender-hearted (Somerville, 2006). ... ale for being human suggests that it is the interrelationship between intellectual independence and object lessonity that is central to concepts of democracy (Nisbet & Reiss, 1991). Kants theory is similar Aquinas proposition of what constitutes being human also emphasises the independent voluntary achievement of will (Ardley, 2007). However, in contrast to Kant, Aquinas theory was heavily intertwined with Catholic hierarchy and interpretations of existence (Ardley, 2007 p.3). Additionally, Ardley highlights that the central difference with Kants principle of humanity was that Aquinas represents the metaphysician of the philosophia perennis. Kant on the other hand, as we understand him, in his basic contentions gets to the heart of the characteristic non-metaphysical pre -occupation of the modern world which seem alien to the philosophia perennis (Ardley, 2007 pp.3-4). It is further submitted that a thoroughgoing basis in particular relating to Kants enlightenment theory was the supreme moral principle of groovy will, which catalysed the deontological approach to ethics (Donnelly, 2003 ). For example, beyond the intellectual intelligence paradigm is Kants assumption of the supreme moral principle of good will (Deligiorgi, 2005). This suggests that humans are innately moral and is supported by contemporary deontologist Somerville who refers to the secular sacred concept of ethics, which is that there are basic human rights and values that are viridity to humans irrespective of religious or cultural beliefs (Somerville, 2006, p.xi). Moreover, Somerville goes further and argues that the crux of ethics with regard to human rights protection is whether it is inherently wrong?(Somerville, 2006p. xi). Furthermore, Somerville argues in considering human

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

benignant Resources - Essay ExampleThe more common usage within corporations and coursees refers to the individuals within the firm, and to the portion of the firms organization that deals with hiring, firing, training, and other(a) personnel issues. This article will address both definitions.This has come to be regarded as the most intrinsic part of businesses today globally. The labour is an asset in the businesses of today and the way it is managed has loads of effects on the performance and efficiency of the business. Labour is the most important component of the occupation function. It is the only factor of production that could be changed in the short-run and its performance depends upon a lot in the way it is managed and controlled.The bad and poor people management of labour could easily turn it into a liability that would perform inefficiently and thus, the business on the whole will suffer a setback. The human resourcefulness department in the company these long time has a proper hierarchy and organisational culture and the head of this department is regarded as an important member of the business itself. It is a position that requires constant interaction with the labour and is of great consequence for the firm.The recruitment of labour and the feature and quantity of labour recruited depends upon the human resource department. ... We often come across the terms human resource and personnel management. This leaves confusion in the minds of some whether both are the same or have variant meanings and connotations. There is in reality a slight difference between the two. The personnel management could be seen as a prelude to the contemporary human resource management that is prevalent and found amongst the organizations today.We bottom of the inning actually search for and find the concepts relating to human resource management in business literature of elderly times such as the decade of 1970s.These concepts include theories such as human ca pital scheme and human asset accounting. The contemporary and modern view of human resource management gained recognition in the year 1981 when it was included in the course of the famous MBA of the prestigious Harvard Business School.It was a kind of a prelude and introduction to the kind of courses throughout North America and the rest of the world making this version and interpretation of human resource management highly popular and in vogue.Other interpretations of the concept were certain in Michigan and cutting York.These ideas travelled to other countries in the decades of 1980s and 1990s that included Australia, New Zealand and Northern Europe including specifically the UK, Ireland and Scandinavia. South and South-East Asia and South Africa also got a taste of the progress. Nowadays, the HRM approach is successfully practiced in many countries of the world. Besides being influential it is practised in many parts of the world. It is essentially practised anywhere where b usinesses want to prove their mettle and become successful. It is an approach use by businesses small and big alike. It is also recommended by

Rules and Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Rules and Regulations - Essay Example foresight Students raising their hand all students will be needed to raise their hand any epoch they have a question. In addition to this, all students will be required to give decent time to their colleagues to answer and contribute in the schoolroom conversation. This is to ensure that all students participate and contribute adequately during classes. Some students if left to decide whether to contribute or not may never contribute in class. As a measure to ensure full participation, constant encouragement to participate in classroom discussions and positive reinforcement will be implemented or encouraged.Expectation preparing to go home all students will be required to ensure their classrooms are clean by keeping away materials in the right place. They will put their chairs on top of the allocated desks/tables. The classroom will end by clashing at the assembly hall where the students and teachers discuss what they learned throughout the day (Franco & ODonoghue, 2004). The discussions will be conducted in the foreign language learnt in school in order to ensure effective practice of the

Assessment of Chinese culture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assessment of Chinese glossiness - Research Paper simulationThese heathenish aspects included different religious beliefs, eating habits and diverse beliefs towards family planning methods. Through cultural biasness created, the investigator realized that Chinese distance themselves when communication with other, avoid too musical compositiony question by holding silent and put on a sense of humor. The interrogationer recommended nurses to build trusting races, advance their medical prep programs and learn to communicate soundly in a multicultural environment. Lastly, the conclusion summarized what the researcher discussed under the research topic. Assessment of Chinese Culture Introduction Culture is an essential aspects and it plays significant roles in life of many people across the globe. Chinese culture is one of the oldest cultures that have been studied across the globe. The Chinese culture is dominant in the Eastern Asia whereby tradition, norms and values vary sig nificantly among the provinces. They have different cultural components much(prenominal) as martial arts, music, cuisine and many others. heathenish diversity enriches Chinese, yet it also poses varied challenges for nurses. This is because Chinese have cultural beliefs towards traditional medicines and such beliefs influences them on the way they treat illness and what constitutes good healthcare. They have beliefs on the way a person experiences and respond to hurt or when one needs treatment. Nurses land with different people from diverse cultural backgrounds in order to deliver culturally competent healthcare. Therefore, nurses essential embrace and understand varied cultural aspects in order to offer their patients culturally acceptable pain management. They should also be aware of the cultural beliefs, values and customs that might influence the patients responses to pain. Cultural belief can impact the role of nurses thus, it is significant for nurses to stereotype patie nts in regard to cultural aspects. This will help nurses to understand the cultural patterns in order to deliver effective services. Thus, the research offers an estimate of Chinese culture and the way these cultural beliefs can impact the role of nurses thus offering effective recommendations vital for improving nursing care in a multicultural environment. Summary of Chinese Cultural Aspects Chinese have different cultural aspects ranging from lifestyles, health practices, health beliefs and other different cultural aspects. A comprehensive interview was carried out in order to examine the way nurses build their nursing relationship with patients from different cultural areas. The qualitative data were collected through open-ended interviews in order to see to it in case cultural lifestyles, health practices and health beliefs among the Chinese impact nursing roles. One man who is an M.D from a private health care organization and well conservative of Chinese culture, but backup in America was interviewed. It was found that Chinese have varied health beliefs and practices that should be taken into reflection when dealing with Chinese patients. First, it was found that many Chinese avoid direct eye contact when communicating with others. For instance, many Asians consider it being disrespectful when looking at someone directly into the eye and this is in all probability to impact the roles of nurses in the hospital settings (Sagar, 2011). A Chinese patient may avoid eye

I have a very important lab for statics class Report

I have a very important for statics class - Lab announce ExampleA fracture may be experienced if a strain continues beyond the proportionate limit. At zero the graph is starting to form linearity, however it reaches at 100 when it starts to decrease which underside be associated with the proportionate limit. b) The graph of stress against strain reduced in a range honourable larger than the original portion. 2. a) reache) is the fractional length change of a stretched material, while stress (?e) is the pluck per unit area of the stretched material. Therefore, deformation is a change in the size or shape of the object. Strain= Stress = and has SI units which are the same as those of pressure N/m2 or Pa . Where A is the initial cross-sectional area, Lo is the initial gauge length , and L is the change in gauge length. concord to Hookes law, the deformation is comparative to the deforming forces as long as they are not too large. F= k L where k is constant and it depends on th e length and cross sectional area of the object. So Hookes law written in stress will be = And length change is ( L) is proportional to the magnitude of the deforming forces, Y depends on the inherent stiffness of the material from which the object is composed. k = Y , therefore, Y is the constant of proportionality called teenages modulus which will be given by the slope of the stress-strain curve. unfledgeds modulus or elastic modulus has the same units as those of stress (Pa or N/M2) and can be thought of as the inherent stiffness of a material because it measures the resistance of the material to elongation or compression. So, materials that stretch easily and are flexible such as rubber have low youngs modulus. While materials that are stiff such as steel have high Youngs modulus it takes a lager stress to produce the same strain. From data youngs modulus is cipher as change in y-axis divided by change in x-axis Y (slope) = = = 2.117610 Youngs modulus (E) from the data is 2 .117610Pa b) Yield stress is the stress which is required to deform the material it is at that point when a permanent deformation takes place. It is usually at 0.2% in this case of aluminum yield stress begins at 0.4%. At the point there is intersection between strain and yield stress and strain is called off-set stress. As strain is increased, many materials eventually deviate from this linear proportionality, the point of departure being termed the proportional limit. This nonlinearity is usually associated with stress-induced plastic ?ow in the specimen. Here the material is undergoing a rearrangement of its internal molecular or microscopic structure, in which atoms are being moved to new equilibrium positions. This plasticity requires a mechanism for molecular mobility, which in crystalline materials can arise from hoo-ha motion. Materials lacking this mobility, for instance by having internal microstructures that block dislocation motion, are usually brittle rather than duct ile. The stress-strain curve for brittle materials are typically linear all over their full range of strain, eventually terminating in fracture without appreciable plastic flow. c) Ultimate stress/ readiness is the maximum stress that can be withstood without breaking. It is the stress which is called true stress it is calculated as = ?u - ?0.2 The stress at the ultimate strain is calculated as shown below ?t= ?u (l+e) where ?t= 0.2, e=11918.55 ?t= ?u

Kids and reading to them Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kids and translation to them - Essay ExampleReading with the kids makes them feel on top of their game. By this, one would mean the complete ease with which they bring to themselves an understanding of how looks nuances would be, and how they would be able to tackle the intricacies of the times that argon coming up for them. Reading with the kids is the need of the hour because it regularises them where they have to grow and develop, and how they shall go out the changing realms of intent whilst dealing with them on a consistent ground. What is even more interesting is the fact that the children will make do that they be being given the attention that they direly require within their midst, as this is a fact that has to see the light of the day. This paper discusses how reading with the kids helps them to grow and develop, and be an important part within this society. The reading component instills in the kids a sense of belongingness that they are bound to learn, analyze and hence understand how life shapes up, and how lifes different turns are handled in the most apt manner. Reading with the kids allows them to feel special that they are being given the time and energies which shall bear rich fruit as farthermost as their growth and development measures are concerned. What is even more interesting is the fact that the kids need to get in enclosure with the changing norms of the time and for that they have to know what is happening in the world around them (Friedland, 2004). They must be acquainted with the varying norms and routines so that they can achieve results which are complete from all angles. What is even more important is the fact that the kids must adapt to change and this change shall happen on an incremental basis for their respective growth and developmental levels nonetheless. It is a well-known fact that the world appreciates if the kids read, study and learn, not plainly on their own but also with the help and guidance of thei r elders. Reading makes the kids go wild in their imagination. They explore the world around them and learn how to implement the same in a practical ricochet (Stewart, 2011). This is a positive undertaking and should always be understood within the relevant angles. Reading with kids allows the parents to overcompensate how their kids are shaping up within the study domains and what strengths and weaknesses are within their folds. They would be able to track up the grey areas that remain within a childs fore and work upon the strengths to stopping point them further. It would also tell the parents that their children have some specific preferences as far as career credence within the future domains is concerned. Hence there is an all-out effort and endeavor on the part of the parents to terminate the kids where they are falling and what they needed to do in order to move ahead further with the pass of time. This is so required because it will tackle the negatives to arise with in the kids and keep them at bay with the up and coming issues which might hurt their professional growth and development, and not to forget the personal one as well. How the kids perceive the entire reading process is something that shall be understood properly. This is because the kids want to get acquainted with the changing needs of the time, and this could only be possible if they are on the right track as far as their study realms are concerned. When parents give them the attention the kids learn quickly. It is because the kids know that their parents love them and care for them in the most loving way possible. When they read along with their parents, they come to know the different ways through which a particular language is comprehended, as well as the ways and means through which grammatic and spelling issues are tackled (Demoulin, 2003). The parents teach them how to pronounce words and make use of sentences as are required. They tell them the meanings and definitions of certain words, as well as detail them regarding the sentence structures all the same. Moving ahead with the raillery at hand, the kids need the time of

Jack the Ripper Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

trap the Ripper - stipulation Paper ExampleOne can see that psychological analysis can divulge the secrets seat the criminal mentality of darn the Ripper and his furious deeds. During his time extent, people were totally frightened about him because his cruel deeds were unpredictable. Almost all his victims were prostitutes in the suburban areas of London. The reports that appeared in the newspapers added fuel to the general assumption of Jack the Rippers serial killing. When more and more prostitutes were murdered by the criminal, people became more and more umbrageous about the power of law enforcement to entrap Jack the Ripper. Now a days, Jack the Ripper is considered as a psychopath with criminal mentality and immense intelligence to veil his identity. For instance, daily reporting of murders did not parry the criminal from committing more and more murders. As pointed out, his victims were prostitutes who are considered as the members of the lowest strata of the society . This forces the people to believe that the moderateness behind committing murders is related to hatred towards prostitution and immoral activities. From a different angle of view, Jack the Ripper chose prostitutes as his victims because they can be easily approachable without and suspicion. During Jack the Rippers time, people thought that most of the crimes against women were committed by him. This false assumption created chaos among the public and helped other criminals to commit more crimes and vest the province upon Jack the Ripper. During Jack the Rippers time, forensic science and criminal investigation were strictly trammel to the theatre of catching the criminal red handed. So, one can easily fall upon that Jack the Rippers cunningness, the unreal persona vested upon him, unwanted importance given to him by the media and the lack of narrate to unveil his identity limited the scope of the investigators to entrap him. When mythical stories veil the evidences, psycho logical analysis can unveil Jack the Rippers identity because it is the most powerful tool that can help the investigators. First of all, the researcher needs to identify the motive behind the murders committed by Jack the Ripper. Then, the researcher needs to collect all evidence and analyze the same based on the crimes committed during the crimes committed. Besides, the researcher needs to consider the time period of Jack the Ripper, place where he carried his crimes, and way how he carried his crimes. Thesis statement Psychological analysis to unveil the secrets behind Jack the Rippers crimes (special references to the crimes conducted by Jack the Ripper). Psychological Analysis I. Jack the Ripper General opinion during his time period Towards the end of the 19th century (say, in the year 1888), England was undergoing speedy social and political change. Robin Odell states that Jack the Rippers First murder occurred in 1888 (66). The role of the plead as an important tool for soc ial change was transforming the social atmosphere of London. During this time, the serial killing in the suburbs of London (East End of London) created much chaos among the people. Gradually, more and more news papers began to report news about serial murders committed by Jack the Ripper. This unneeded focus upon a serial killer whale attracted the general attention

How does themed hotels affect the tourism industry Lab Report

How does themed hotels affect the touristry industry - Lab Report ExampleIn case of the local tourists visiting the hotels for their services, the choice of themes to be used should not be of the local culture. It has to be almostthing new since they are used to whatever is in the locality. 7 To sum up the discussion section of this research study, it should be noted that management of all business enterprise is very vital. These hotels if well managed will not only benefit the owners but too the nation in which a given hotel is found. This is through earning the nation foreign exchange, which in turn helps in sky rocketing the countrys economy. This will end up improving the living standards of the citizens. 7 cobblers last/Recommendations 8 References 10 Abstract The main purpose behind conducting this study was to investigate the effect of themed hotels on the tourism industry. The researcher mainly collected information from secondary sources to make the analyses, recommenda tions and conclusion of this report. The findings of the study abridgment how the tourism industry is influenced by the type of hotel in question. At the end of it, there are some recommendations, which if put in action, tush propel the industry to rise higher and higher. Introduction A hotel jackpot be termed as a commercial place where people, especially travelers and tourists buy meals, pay for accommodation services. A theme on the other hand, despite the various meanings the enunciate buckle unders, in the context of this report, it refers to the hotels having artistic decorations. These decorations give the sack be in form of paintings on the wall that result in to a recurring build making the place look more attractive than in the case of ordinary hotels. Another word we need to be familiar with before proceeding with the report is tourism. The definition of the word Tourism can be that it is an activity carried out by either one person or a host of persons. This is u sually as a result of people moving from one place to another. It can be from one country to another with the aim of performing a given task or honorable for the sake of entertainment. This report deals with the facts, discussions, conclusions and recommendations relating to the effect of themed hotels on the tourist industry. As outlined by http//www.unusualhotelsoftheworld.com Unusual & eccentric Hotels of the World, there are various themed hotels worldwide examples being Reino Fungi Lodge and Nothofagus Hotel and Spa ( two located at the Huilo Huilo Biological Reserver), Magic Mountain Hotel situated in the midst of Chilean Patagonian Rainforest, The Pavillion capital of the United Kingdom in the United Kingdom and many others. Facts/Findings Themed hotels bearing some sort of uniqueness are pretty costly. Though some tourists shy away, a good number of them being the local tourists, the number is peculiar to those who visit the places or else it could be useless to carry on with the business. In the course of this research study, it was translucent that these hotels have a notable impact on the tourism industry. Firstly, due to the unique motif they bear in their establishment starting from the decor, dining and the personnel. This is as according to www.wisegreek.com (What is a themed Hotel?) The choice of the theme to be used should typically connote every little detail be it in the hotel where the visitors get their meals from, the entourage in which

Issues Regarding Ranking of People Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Issues Regarding rank of People - Term Paper Examplehoot-out, Zimmerman was arrested by the jurisprudence the police arrived at the scene around two minutes after the shooting, in response to a distress call made by Zimmerman (Bell et al. 89). After his arrest, Zimmerman was put under police custody, treated for the head injuries that he claimed were inflicted on him by Trayvon, and was later(prenominal) questioned for five hours, regarding the events leading to the shooting. However, after a few hours, Zimmerman was released, and the police chief in charge of the font gave a variety of reasons for the release, including that he had acted in self-defense (Bell et al. 88-89). The police chief also maintained that the jut your ground statute did not allow the police to arrest Zimmerman for the controversial take of the teenager, irrespective of the victims civil rights as well as the human rights of all Americans (Hancock 1). This paper will look the event of Trayvons killing, with the aim of showing how the event led to an inequitable society, the resolution of the event and its effects. notwithstanding the fact that Zimmerman, a Hispanic had shot Trayvon, an African-American dead, and patronage the fact that the case was evidently an extreme one, Zimmerman was relelased after a few hours. The affectionate stratification between the African-Americans and Americans of American descent demonstrated the social construction of social stratification for the different classes, and the case ended with an inadequacy of the attention warranted by the murder of Trayvon (Day-Vines et al. 401). The lack of equitability in society was evidenced by the responses offered to the murder, including that little attention paid to the fact that the police had ordered Zimmerman to stop pursuing Trayvon, yet he went ahead to shoot him dead.Secondly, there was the issue that, despite the fact that Zimmerman did not have any credible reasons to suspect that Trayvon was plannin g or in the puzzle out of committing a crime, the investigating officers paid

The Nurses Role in the Health Care System Essay

The Nurses Role in the Health Care System - Essay Examplesexually transmitted diseases have been handled as a single entity in the healthy people 2010 objectives. The main objectives entangle reducing the number of Chlamydia trachomatis infections especially in those whose age bracket ranges between 15 and 40 years. subjective herpes has also been identified as a threat and therefore given a full(prenominal) ranking among the objectives which are geared towards the reduction of such infections. Gonorrhea is also among the STDs that have been given the commencement ceremony priority in the objectives of the healthy people 2010. From the data available in their records, it is estimated that there are close to 19 new cases of gonorrhea infections per every 100, 000 people. 1997 recorded a high rate of 123 infections per 100, 000 people. Among these, it was noticed that the highest similarity of new infections was recorded in the Americans of the Indian origin. Another objective is to ensure that youths especially adolescents, who are prone to these infections either abstain from sexual activities or those who dont make use of the condoms in come in to control the transmission of these infections. The target for this objective is to achieve 95% of the youth to either abstain or use condoms, up from 85% recorded in the year 1999 (Health And Human Services Dept, 2007). If this is achieved, it means that wholly 5% of the adolescents will be left to make their decisions presumably those who do not like followers statistics on the number of people who lose their lives to STDs.

Performance appraisal Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

action estimate - Research Paper ExamplePerformance Appraisals should be able to minimize the gap among the evaluation that an employee receives on a particular effect and the actual results the individual has achieved. However, this is seldom achieved. Studies have been conducted on the efficacy of performance appraisal as social and the emotional factors or the cognitive process on performance appraisal has been assessed. While it is vehemently believed that performance appraisal can have positive implications and patron improve organizational effectiveness, these studies suggest that organizations have not been able to achieve the intended objectives in conducting performance appraisal. This paper reviews the perceived benefits of performance appraisal and the constraints that have hindered the suppuration of an effective performance appraisal system. literature Review Performance Appraisal has been defined as the formal evaluation of an employees job performance in order t o determine the degree to which the employee is do effectively (Griffin & Ebert, 2002 cited by Schraeder, Becton & Portis, 2007). Performance centering is about change performance but is often forgotten (Hendry et al, 2006). Aligning with corporate objectives and goals The PA system should be strategicalally aligned with corporate objectives and goals to achieve the intended results. This requires careful thinking and serious planning as the administrative, developmental, and strategic needs have to be integrated (Caruth & Humphreys, 2008). Therefore, an effective PA system should reflect formalization, job relatedness, standards and measurements, validity, reliability, consecrate intercourse, trained appraisers, ease of use, employee accessibility to results, review procedures, and appeal procedures. Through written employee handbook the employees should be make aware of the formal procedures and policies. The appraisal factors should account for success or lack of success in performing a job. These should be well understood and uniformly interpreted by all appraisers. For meaningful appraisal standards should be thoughtfully set so that it ensures integration of information into the overall strategic process of the organization. Benefits of PA Performance appraisals are used to determine employee compensation, merit pay, while also facilitating human resource management functions. PA can also provide information about the effectiveness of the firms natural selection and placement programs, in addition to identifying training needs (Pettijohn et al, 2008). The most important function is to provide information and direction to employees which would lead to enhanced performance. PA is meant to gather information for personnel decisions such as rewards, promotion, transfers or termination (Kennedy & Dresser, 2001). It is also used as a tool to identify weaknesses which helps identify training and development needs. However, seldom is there focus on perso nality traits and behavior. According to Schraeder, Becton and Portis (2007) performance appraisals have definite benefits such as enhanced communication, enhanced employee focus by promoting trust it leads to goal setting and enhanced performance. Facilitating communication reduces employee uncertainty, according to Schraeder et al while inhibiting or hindering communication is an organizational weakness (Caruth & Humphre

Freedmans Bureau, Forty Acres and a Mule, Cowboy and how it shaped Essay

Freedmans Bureau, Forty Acres and a Mule, Cowboy and how it mold American identity - Essay ExampleThe freedmans Bureau began as an organization funded by the War Department. close to successes of these organizations included assuring Black Americans legal rights, rights to an education, and rights to worship as they pleased in churches of their own. Blacks were also provided with helper in their search for lost family members. Initially the Freedmans Bureau had its own court where Blacks were assured legal deputation and fair decisions by the courts. They were also provided with assistance in obtaining fair labor contracts.Failures of organizations, such as the Freedmans Bureau, were in the main ca utilise by lack of funding. Initial funding was provided by the War Department but when access to those funds stop the organizations relied on donations from northern charities. These organizations were hampered by the apathy of the southern governments. Most southerners were not to keen around the idea of providing assistance to the black communities or condition slaves.Where did ideas such as the Forty Acres and a Mule originate How are those ideas viewed todayAfter the Civil War, and during reconstruction of the southern states, there was argue about what to do with the confiscated contributes and the number of ex-slaves who had nothing except their freedom. Ideas floated about as to what to do. It was suggested that the condition slaves be effrontery a portion of the consume that they had worked all their lives. In Georgia, South Carolina (forty acres each in GA and SC) and Mississippi tracts of land were given to the ex-slaves. The former slaves were successful at farming and marketing their harvests. The cause of the former slaves was debated in Congress and the idea of Forty Acres and a Mule was not popular. The idea of confiscating land for redistribution was hugely unpopular in Congress and many felt would it would set a bad preceding(prenomina l) for future arguments about property rights. Although the Freedmans Bureau advocated for the rights of the former slaves, most became sharecroppers that got a portion of the harvest. Most former slaves remained poor.The Forty Acres and a Mule idea fuels present day thought about reparations to the posterity of slaves and former slaves. In 1969 the Black Manifesto was published. It demanded monitory compensation (reparations) from predominantly white churches go to the descendants of former slaves. Some churches prior to that did raise fund to funds to benefit African Americans. Reparations debate diminish off after about the same time the Civil Rights movement slowed. But, legislators did pass the Equal Rights Amendments of 1964-65 that ended many Jim Crow laws.How did Northern Carpetbaggers exploit the vulnerabilities of the SouthernersCarpetbaggers were Northerners who headed south after the Civil War to make money. They used carpets as cheap luggage (thus the name Carpetbagge rs). These Carpetbaggers moved south, attained political power (mostly as Republicans) and exploited the Southerners. Carpetbaggers initially worked with the newly freed Black peoples to establish schools etc.. That changed as Union soldiers moved south, bought up land, and managed large tracts of land using the labor of former slaves. Southern Blacks did benefit to some extent by the arrival of the Carpetbagger because these Northerners believed in public education and created schools and colleges/universities for the benefit of all. Explain the fiction of the cowboy and how it shaped American identityThe myth of the cowboy has shaped American identity by representing westward expansion, perennial rebirth (Dye,

Florence Nightingale and her Philosophy of Nursing Term Paper

Florence Nightingale and her Philosophy of Nursing - Term Paper deterrent exampleThe reason she observed was absence of sanitation, lack of food and warmth for the wounded soldiers. After enduring with these mess she formed a theory which was successful and is practiced and followed by many. The main focus of her theory was on the environment and the patients reaction to it. Her belief was, if alternation in the surroundings are made personality helps patient to heal. The foundation of her theory depended upon environment, patient, health and nurse.NURSING THEORIES A general view Theories are self-possessed of concepts, definitions, models, propositions and sometimes even assumptions derived from nursing models, to acquire the knowledge regarding patients health and betterment. Nursing theories aims to mention and predict the phenomena of nursing. The theories of nursing assist the nurses to describe, explain and predict everyday run intos as well guide to critical review in terventions and evaluation of the nursing care system.FLORENCE AND HER THEORY OF NURSINGFlorence Nightingales theories were basically regarding the ideal nursing requirements and one of the essential requirement was of course the home sister and after that practice of the skills required by the profession, for this purpose she wrote two articles, Nursing the sick and Nursing, training of, her aim was to combine the training from the wards and supervise learners abilities and good development. The home sisters duty in fact is to train the nurses, however Florence herself, was the nurse develop without the Home sister. Observation tells how the patient is reflection tells what is to be done training tells how it is to be done. Training and experience are, of course, necessary to teach us, too, how to observe, what to observe how to think, what to think (Nightingale, 1882). She explained her environmental theory in her book What it is and what it is not concord to Florence process o f learning should carry on from the initial formal training and it should never be lay off because nursing requires a solid educational base. It is however, quite surprising that Florence fought against the idea of requirement of license for the nursing professionals as it would undeniably affect their training and will be a cause of self-importance for the nurses where as actually this profession wants a feature of kind heartedness and down towards earth temperament. Profession of nursing should be considered as a higher calling other then just a profession, was Florences view, and that disregard just be secured when a nurse recognizes her responsibilities for the well being of the patient because nursing is

Ku Klux Klan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ku Klux Klan - Research musical theme ExampleThe group had become a harbor for extremists who champi whizzd for white supremacy. The group is in essence comprised of terce Klans on historical basis the first starting from 1865 to 1874, second from 1915-1944 and later Klans from 1950s to present. The group is iodine of the most famous not only in the United States but the whole world as it has transcended the test of time since its inception despite the numerous attempts, legal and otherwise, to try and extinguish its presence and influence. KKK - 1865 - 1874 KKK at this time did not have a definite structure as an organization most probably due to the nature of its objectives. There was however other groups existing at the kindred time i.e. 1865 especially in the Southern United States which took up the same name KKK as well as mannerisms (McVeigh 263). This is one of the first ways in which it spread. The Klan members acted as vigilantes whereby they murdered mostly radical re publicans irrespective of whether they were black or white. They wore masks and robes to hide their identities and usually ambushed their targets at night. This group was formed almost immediately after the cultivated contend whereby the veterans were against the changed society where people from different races had acquired some freedom seemingly undermining white supremacy. Many states after the Civil War experienced long periods of lawlessness which fuelled their efforts to use frenzy with impunity against black people. They later turned to Republicans and their ideologies claiming they were pro-blacks. They claimed that African Americans were largely voting for Republicans consequently trying to curtail their rights to vote, education and economic wellbeing. The group went as furthest as assassinating a congressman, J. M. Hinds and members of the legislature who were Republicans. Roughly 2,000 people were reported dead in Louisiana in 1968 just before the elections which fol lowed a boycott by Republicans from voting in Fall of that year (Parker 63). The same actions were happening in other southern states leaving hundreds dead in the woods and thousands injured. By 1871, Acts had been passed that make it possible to prosecute the groups crimes. In 1974 Klan groups reformed targeting Republicans by removing them from office through violence and intimidation. These actions were largely attributed to the landslide victory by Democrats in the South back in 1877 (78). KKK - 1915-1944 This Klan rekindled the ones that had died four decades earlier. The germ was in Georgia where its functions were largely concentrated. However, as time went by new recruits joined across the commonwealth and the group leaders notably William Simmons realized the potential they had and immediately started fresh recruitment drives all oer United States (Dray 113). This was a time of prosperity in the country and they found it easy to gain many affluent members. Apart from bein g heavily racist KKK had messages that were anti-Catholicism. They also preached against communism and Semitism. The group increasingly became tearing towards these groups or people affiliated to them regardless of their race. This KKK had a definite structure at both theme and state levels and by 1925 the group widely publicized claims that its membership comprised of more than 15 percent of the add US population. These claims were however refuted as they had no scientific or factual basis. They were mere

Market Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Market - Research Paper ExampleOther characteristics of free grocery store frugality atomic number 18 free trade fairs without subsidies or tariffs from the giving medication. One of the most outstanding free market economies is that the governing has rattling limited powers in a free market economy because marker powers regarding price control ar set by buyers and sellers. Since the political science lacks direct control of railway line trading operations regarding prices, sellers are homogeneously to tire buyers through high prices (Chai 24). The government powers are restricted to providing law and order in the market operations and ensuring that only fair competition is charged. The government does not cook control over participants entry to the market. This content that the government does not stipulate any rules regarding tariffs and subsides. Therefore, it is an economic system whereby only the fittest survive. In such economy, the government does not play any ro le that may favour or discourage business partners as only the involved parties regulate the transactions and prices. The government is restricted to making possible flow and operation of the business environment through implementing policies and laws that guarantee people rights and freedoms to property. Therefore, the government is not a competitor or a market player but enhances business operations by creating a suitable business environment (Friedman 19). China is a mixed economy since the government and the private sector have an stoop in the economy thus having both characteristics of both free market economies and controlled economy. Majority of mixed economies have strong government regulations as the government provides domain goods and government run enterprises. In mixed economies like china, production of goods and services are mainly conducted by the private sector whereby markets are the major controllers and coordinators of economy. The hotheaded forces within mix ed markets are profit seeking enterprises and capital accumulation. Unlike pure free market economy in china, the government has larger indirect control over the economy by implementing monetary and fiscal policies and regulations. These policies counteract economic challenges and capitalisms influence towards financial crisis and challenges towards unemployment. The government has a central place in providing social welfare and making sure that earthly concern goods are available to the public (Chai 52). In general, the level of freedom in a mixed economy against government regulations varies. The government is often responsible for providing environmental protection, maintaining unemployment standards, and controlling competition. China may not fit to be a free market economy since the government has strong control over inflation and rural spending (Friedman 35). China has been successful since its government is vibrant ion deficit funding programs since 1998 as well as endorse ment of exports by tax rebates. When public demand is low due to anti-inflation, export promotions and monetary policies chip in to create a difference. When public demand is strong, the promotion of external export by government relaxes. Statistics show that the stock market activities are high because households and other enterprises prefer their funds in more liquid forms. Due to inflation surge, the government sets policies and regulations to correct the economic situation. Government policies in

Business law- policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business law- policies - probe ExampleSupervisors are required to keep an active outlook for challenges. Comp some(prenominal) policy is to avoid brawls by means of proactive action on the part of both employees and guild management.In case a dispute arises, the pertain employees actions shall be check overd by the immediate supervisor. If all employees involved in a dispute belong to one section or department then the immediate supervisor shall conduct the investigation. If employees from different departments or sections are involved in a dispute then the concerned supervisors will investigate the dispute through mutual consultation. The level of dispute investigation should be raised as deemed capture by the investigating authority.Throughout the course of the investigation, the investigating authority moldiness ensure confidentiality of all concerned parties. Moreover, the employees involved in the dispute must not divulge any details of the investigation to any part of the company or outside it until the investigation is not deemed complete. Failure to do so whitethorn result in the termination of employment.A thorough investigation of the dispute must be followed by measures to resolve the dispute as amicably as possible. In case that the termination of employees is deemed as the solely resolution then regular termination policies shall be enforced. Moreover, the investigators must ensure that the employee agrees to his termination so that the company does not fall liable to claims of compensation by terminated employees.The final investigation report must contain measures to avoid such disputes in the future. Any recommended lines of action to avoid disputes shall be implemented by HR in no more than 6 weeks since the end of the investigation.company name holds exclusive rights to squeeze out or terminate the employment of any employee after due process requirements are met. Upon discharge or termination the concerned employee will be

Common Core State Standards Essay Example for Free

Common essence call down Standards EssayIs a girl in your part being taught the alike(p) things as a son in another neighborhood? Is a graduating older in Baton Rouge as vigilant to get a job as a graduating senior in Minneapolis? The practise to these questions is no, and rightfully so. tout ensemble children ar unique. A student with autism or dyslexia should not be taught the identical way as students who befool no culture disabilities. Indiana, which paded the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), is now eliminating those standards because, the state asserts, Common Core takes control of educational content and standards away from p arnts, taxpayers, local cultivate districts, and states (Volsky). The Indiana legislators want to write new-made standards, which atomic number 18 governed locally, not at the federal aim.NEED A TRANSITION?Forty-five American states, the district of Columbia, four territories, and the surgical incision of Defense Education Activit y endure adopted the CCSS (Common Core State Standards Initiative). These standards were hunch overing by a group of teachers, school chiefs, administrators, and other experts. The CCSS atomic number 18 suggested targets in English Language humanities and Mathematics that set the skills a student should possess in order to proceed to the next level of education. there is no clear divide on the standards between Republicans and Democrats both have expressed their concerns. But, the list reached its peak when the Obama administration slowly started to support the CCSS (Bid closely). Proponents of the CCSS argue that the standards ensure that all students will have the same set of skills, the standards will make sure all students ar college ready, and that the standards are a new state-led stew instead of a federal effort. I believe that all states should abolish the CCSS because children with disabilities should not be pass judgment to learn the same way as advanced students , the CCSS takes away from the usage and individuality of self-reliant/insular schools, and the problem in education is not standards solely poverty.The CCSS have not made success halcyon for students with learning disabilities. According to the CCSS, students with disabilities must be challenged to excel within the general curriculum (Herbert 10). In admittance to students with disabilities, students without disabilities learn different things in different ways, mature at different rates, and have different talents and goals. There is no reason for states to have standards that require students to learn the same things at the same time, and learn them the same way (McClusky). The CCSS moves all kids largely in lock-step, processing them like soulless widgets (McClusky). In a late(a) discussion, Drexel University and University of Pennsylvania special education student teachers expressed their frustrations in trying to teach special-ed students within the confine of the CCSS (B eals 2). The CCSS are supposed to boost national achievement levels, but by restricting these students to subject progeny beyond their cognitive abilities, the standards are ultimately lowering student achievements.The CCSS also take away from the tradition and individuality of independent/parochial schools. Parochial schools are private schools that are affiliated with virtually sacred organization and whose curriculum includes trust along with all major subjects. As a graduate of Catholic schools, I believe it is important that the traditions and religion classes be kept alive in these schools. The standards were approved without friendliness of how they would affect Catholic schools (Strauss 4). The Catholic education is geared at preparing students for a life of spirit, truth, and faith in God, all of which are never mentioned in the CCSS. Adopting the standards into Catholic schools will essentially diminish them of their tradition to booster children not whole obtain an education but to develop their faith. As an education major, I have observed many Catholic schools. On the walls, on the boards, and in the hallways, there are examples of prayer and religion everywhere. Taking this away would be taking away the identity of these students. This will ultimately lead to the some students being ashamed of their religion. Another issue that arises is the involvement of the federal government. Independent and parochial schools are independent in their finances and governance and in most cases rely on tuition for funding. The CCSS are state-led efforts but, because theseschools are free from state and federal government financing and guidance, they will not be able to render the implementation of the CCSS.One of the reasons people believe CCSS are take is because of the idea that Americas school system has low national test scores. This is not because the current standards are not take a shiting the accredited issue is poverty. The reason for low-tes t scores is that about 23% of American students live in poverty. Finland, which has the highest-ranking test scores, has only 5% of students living in poverty (Krashen 37). Poverty stricken children in Queens, NY that have a insufficiency of health care, food insecurity, and lack of library access will not succeed as well as a student going to a school in the Upper East nerve of New York City. For example, studies show that food-insecure children are more likely to have slow language development, and problems in tender behavior and emotional control (Krashen 38). This results in missed schools days, causing students to repeat grades, which leads to low achievement scores. or else of spending money on implementing the standards, schools need to spend the funds on sufficient food programs, improve health care (including more school nurses), and more money going towards libraries in lower-income schools.Some in favor of the CCSS believe that the standards will ensure that all stud ents, no matter what race, gender, or state they are in, will have the same set of skills when graduating to each new grade level (Gardner and Powell 50). Although this is a dandy notion in theory, the idea that every single student in America will know the exact same things is a major overgeneralization. Even with the CCSS, children with disabilities are physically and mentally incapable of learning the same things at the same rate as a student in advanced or gifted programs. The CCSS have also increased the rigor of the curriculum students are learning. Therefore, students who are already try to not fall behind will struggle even further causing the students, parents, and teachers to suffer. In appendix to underachieving students, overachieving students will also be negatively affected by the standards. tikeren who learn faster than others, or who are naturally smarter than their peers will be forced to learn at the same pace as students who are not as gifted. This will result in students being boredand losing all interest in school. If every single child in America had the same cognitive abilities, the CCSS would be the answer but they are not.Other proponents believe that the CCSS will make sure all students graduating from high school are college ready. The problem with this is, America has too many over educated students the professional work force does not have enough jobs for American students when they graduate. If all students are college ready, no one will want to work at grocery stores, fast food restaurants, mechanic shops, etc. If every student gets a point and starts work in the professional world, the economy will eventually fail. There will be no farmers to produce groceries there will be no waitresses there will be no janitors or cleaning services. In order for this countrys economy to produce money, there needs to be people who do not earn college degrees.One major reason people are livelihood the CCSS is because they are state-led ins tead of being dictated by the federal government. The federal government is largely lordly the CCSS. The National Governors Association and the Council of Chief State School Officers, both of which do not represent states, created the standards. The precipitant adoption by most states was federal action. To compete for a part of the $4.35 billion Race to the guide (ADD DEFINITION) reward, a federal government led education effort, states had to adopt the CCSS (McCluskey). When the CCSS came about, the Obama administration only gave states two options adopt the CCSS or make sure a state university certified a student as college ready. Also, the U.S. Department of Education funded two programs that created the national tests that coincide with the CCSS (McCluskey). With all of this federal involvement, the CCSS is no longer a state-led effort. It is a one-size-fits-all program that ignores the needs of the individual states.The reason to oppose the CCSS is not because of the conten t, some of which is great, the reason is that the CCSS lacks most qualities needed to be considered authoritative, or to even be considered standards. Sadly, the CCSS is generating in Americas education system relentless and lasting damage that would take decades to reverse. The CCSS is bad for states, teachers,students, parents, and anyone associated with the education process. Now, ask yourself these questions again. Is a girl in your neighborhood being taught the same things as a boy in another neighborhood? Is a graduating senior in Baton Rouge as prepared to get a job as a graduating senior in Minneapolis? Still, the answer is no. Do you believe me now that this is a good answer?Works CitedBidwell, Allie. The History Of Common Core State Standards. U.S. News Digital Weekly 6.9 (2014) 7. Academic pursuit Complete. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. Common Core State Standards Initiative., 2012. Web. 3 Feb. 2014. Herbert, Marion. Common Cores Implications For Special Ed Students. District giv ing medication 47.2 (2011) 10.Academic Search Complete. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. Krashen, Stephen. THE COMMON CORE. (Cover Story). Knowledge Quest 42.3 (2014) 36-45. Academic Search Complete. Web. 15 Feb. 2014. McCluskey, Neal. No Child Is Standard. Reading Today 31.2 (2013) 30. Academic SearchComplete. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. Strauss, Valerie. Catholic scholars blast Common Core in letter to U.S. bishops. Washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post, 2 Nov. 2013. Web. 16 Feb. 2014.

Creative Arts Essay Example for Free

yeasty Arts EssayThis lecture enhances the creativity of the students by cultivating their interest in music. Various activities using diametrical mediums worry listening to CDs or watching musical shows help in having a better intellectual of the lecture. Though the lecture may seem filled with fun activities, the lecture also focuses on didactics about the technical terms commonly used in studying music. digest In this lecture, I have meeted that it is important to have interaction with the students in order to determine their learning progress. Also, having an bodily process that would sum all the lectures would be beneficial in measuring the students learning curve. Week 1 ocular Arts definition The pick uping strategy used to teach the visual prowesss is methodical wherein the canonical ideas are introduced about visual artistic creations followed by an activity to put into practice what the students learned in class. More so, to teach kids about visual arts, use examples that theu can easily relate like cartoons or anything that is related to the interest of children. Meanwhile, for an older audience, use images or samples that apply to their generation so that they can cursorily understand the lesson.Analysis Going through the lesson plan, I have noticed that beyond the explanation of underlying visual art terminologies and the description of numerous artworks, art appreciation was also included. Art can be very subjective so the interpretation of a piece of art can be derived from ones opinion. Because of this art appreciation can be very limited barely by article of faith the objective and faculty member way of assessing artworks, ordinary people can obtain a better discernment and respect for the instauration of visual arts. Week 4 Dance DescriptionThis lecture shows how and why students should learn the art of dancing. I personally like the part that encourages students to craft their own moves to express their knowledge and judgment about dancing. by this, one can really value the importance of this art form in a occurrence culture. Analysis I have learned that dancing can enhance or stimulate some(prenominal) types of intelligence including visual-spatial, interpersonal and others. Also, I have realized that dancing is not just movement but it also help in boosting self-esteem and enhancing social skills.Week 6 Drama Description pedagogics drama requires focus and self-discovery. Students can use words or images to invoke emotions. To do this, one palliate needs to conduct research in order to realistically play a specific role. Also, it would be better to perform in front of other people so that you will be abandoned criticisms on how to improve your acting skills. This will also be an opportunity to interact with other actors. Analysis Prior to reading this lecture, I have always associated drama with just acting out roles like what I see in the movies and television programs.Drama is more tha n what it seems. It involves a lot of concentration, dedication and spirit about different things in life. More so, every part of the body is used in this art form to convey a message or a story. Week 10 Arts and Literacy Description This lecture provides provide children with holistic and meaningful learning experiences. It uses integration to make the change from learning facts to understanding and applying concepts to developing generic skills for living and working.Analysis I think syntegration is a great way to teach arts and literacy. This is a process wherein subjects are working together synergistically to explore a theme, concept or focus question, while achieving their own outcomes as well as generic outcomes. Through this, students are commensurate to value and fully appreciate what they learn in class. Week 11 Thematic Integration education Description A simple element like the colors of the rainbow can be used to learn about the different forms of art.Through definit ion and application, students can determine how to relate one form of art to another. Analysis I like the idea of having different stages in learning. First by exploring, then followed by developing the skills involved and lastly would be reflecting on the end results. Through this, students can have the liberty to discover things at their own space and they can interpret their findings based on their own opinions. This teaching strategy is simple and direct but it is a very effective learning tool.

An Integral Part Of A Democratic State Essay Example for Free

An Integral Part Of A Democratic State undertakeElections are an integral part of a democratic accede. The argument is sometimes put forward that participatory democracy should be the basis for a whole political system, a replacement for parliamentary democracy. legate institutions based on one person one vote determine the principles and general direction of an select government. Participatory democracy can monitor the work of the executive and state apparatus. The importance of process employ waste. The same principles of daily and ongoing democratic processes could be applied to education, transport, and social services. Form each(prenominal)y, representative democracy does fork over the final say. Participatory democracy, in a complementary relationship to electoral power, thus has the potential to come across societies further towards the democratic ideals of popular control and political equality. I believe that a strong and certified civil society keeps their elec ted representatives on their toes, by asking questions through organized interest groups all of whom press their ca substance abuses on government, sometimes through political parties and through independent lobbies.Participatory democracy provides a real alternative, or complement, to elected power a distinct and organized public sphere in which the demands of the people can be articulated, developed and negotiated between each other, and finally negotiated with the local or other relevant state institutions. Conditions for participatory growth In order for participatory democracy to attain authenticity and reinvigorate democratic politics as a whole, certain conditions need to be in place.The commit for participatory institutions is essentially to share decision-making power with government, to exercise some control over the work of state institutions and to monitor the implementation of governments decisions. The process must get results in the sense that these parties are able to use their electoral legitimacy to emphasize the importance of the participatory process. If participatory democracy spreads, the institutions of representative government may lose some power to the new participatory sphere.The new systems of managing public resources through a combine of electoral and participative democracy bring an overall gain in democratic legitimacy and as a result, potentially, in democratic power. I believe that participatory democracy and the election process should be in the forefront in advocating transparency among government officials and their constituents. It is also important that citizens should be more aware and convolute because the main argument of a democracy is the constant participation of people with regards to political debates and decisions.Without the peoples involvement, government leaders will not hold positions of power in the first place. Grassroots parties that are well represented inside the halls of congress should not just a dvocate the things that they think are important, tho they also should stand as role models for the people who do not have the chance normal to sit in a position of power. It is inevitable in a democracy that sometimes elections dumbfound an hump in itself. With this in my mind, I believe that people who go out to vote and those who sort out on the opportunity to vote must always respect the final verdict whether it favors them or not.Yes, it is an issue because sometimes it is very easy for people to point fingers and start up a rumor that an election is fixed. For me, the only solution for this issue is to improve the way elections are being held. As a elector myself, it would also help if we encourage our society to go out and vote. Apathy sometimes can resile on us. We should take care of our rights as citizens and voters to be more aware of the situation and act accordingly. By doing so, we protect ourselves from being short changed by the very institution, which the sol e purpose is to protect us.

Human Resource Activities of Qantas Airways Essay Example for Free

Human pick Activities of Qantas Air shipway EssayThe Qantas Airways is the largest transport passage in Australia. Its Human Resource Management operates in the social club in four major(ip) aras, which be switch segments, corporate, sh ard services, development, and erudition. This announce wees limelight to the Qantas airways HRM and its role in ensuring perfect trading operations of the company. It barely discusses tack caution and wrinkle abbreviation and instauration. The company has undergone intensive swop counselling such as cutting of prices and labor costs in rove to jibe high productivity, moderation of wages as comfortably as the introduction of negotiable structures through a diverse and motivated workforce. Moreover, the HRM is also responsible of ensuring that right people are chartered and stipulation necessary didactics under traffic compend and design.However, despite the roles that the company has entrusted the HRM, there prolon g been heightened cases of accidents and strikes from dissatisfied workers alleging that they are paid meager salaries. This shows a HRM gap in delivering its responsibilities. Therefore, the report further argues that the HRM has failight-emitting diode in its change management and job design and analysis system. In order to correct the situation, the report further proposes that the HRM change its training and confabulation good example. As a direction to an end, the report discusses some of the implications emerging from the HRM problems and ends with a comprehensive summary. Description of Qantas and their HRM ActivitiesThe Qantas Airways is Australias largest airline. It has a solid history as it began its business years support by transporting passengers and mails. right away, the company has expanded its operations in al roughly 140 destinations across the globe. It is Australias largest employers with round 37,000 employees. The homo resource management operates in th e company in four major areas, which are business segments, corporate, shared services, and development and learning. Under corporate level, the HRM is responsible for employees compensation as well as benefits, the industrial relations of the airline with its competitors and development of the management. In the business segment level, the HR teams very much collaborate with early(a) business segments to ensure flourishing delivering of strategies that lead ensure agonistic advantage.Human resource has a major responsibility in the company and under shared services the HRM is responsible of managingworkers records, supporting remuneration and recruitment process and managing employees compensation as well as coming up with strategical plans on stave travelling schedules and schemes (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart, 2009). Finally, under the learning and development level, the HRM go intos up with training programs for employees to help them deliver their work effectively. HR Functions Change Management and Job Analysis and Design at the Qantas Airways Discussion of Two HR functions in the QantasChange ManagementThe Qantas airline was formerly owned by the regime hence did not apprehend efficiency and profits as its prime goal (Rothkopf, 2009). by and by its privatisation in 1995, the HRM had to adopt sundry(a) management practices in order to overcome the companys external and internal influences. The HRM in their change management has emphasised on cutting costs and more so reduction of labour costs to undertake heightened productivity, moderation of wages as well as the introduction of flexible structures through a versatile and motivated workforce (Marks, 2007). Cutting labour costs in the Qantas airways aim involved strict measures from the HRM such as reducing wages and salaries through eliminating costly practices (Hernandez, 2011.). The Qantas airline HRM has undertaken immense changes in order to bang with diverse external and internal f actors (Gillen and Morrison, 2005). Various factors led to changes in the HR management such as the need to have more profits in the company and the fact that the company was under government ownership.This means that the airline had maintained its authoritarian hierarchical structure, autocratic form of leaders, and strict procedures and rules (Hughes, 2012). In addition, the airline has been involved in a major change as far as training is touch and in 2003, the HRM facilitated in the expansion of the companys apprenticeship programme (Gunn, 1988). According to Kirkpatricks model of learning and training, training helps in ensuring affirmative results (Kearns, 2010). Job Analysis and DesignJob design and analysis is the bag of the Qantas HRM. Job analysis can be viewed as the hub of all human resource management activities that are needed for effective organizational functioning (Berman et al, 2009).Under job analysis, the HRM is responsible for planning, recruitment, selection, placement, and induction of workers (Berman et al, 2009). The procedures that are often supported by job analysis process include personnel selection, training, job evaluation as well as effect appraisal (Berman et al, 2009). In addition, the process of job analysis supports the Qantas organizational strategy in dealing with market competition and talent crisis. According to human resource theory, strategic HRM focuses on connecting all HR functions with organizational goals (Rothwell and Benscoter, 2012). The Qantas airline HRM in the process of job analysis determines various training needs of workers. Moreover, in job analysis process, the HRM determines on some of the things that affect behavior in the company. After job analysis process, the next step is job design, which aims at outlining and organizing duties, responsibilities, as well as tasks in a single unit in order to achieve particular objectives. Job design in the Qantas airways is essential in enabling effective fee dback. In addition, training is an imperative part in job design in order to make sure that employees are conscious of their work demands. Training encompasses leadership training to employee orientation (Aulenbach, 2007).Development and training plays an imperative role in ensuring success of a company. Today, or so organizations view training as an imperative role of human resource (Price, 2011). From research conducted, it is likely that most organizations such as the Qantas airways are spending a lot of money on training with a belief that it allow for consequently give them a competitive advantage in both spheric and local market (Jackson, Schuler and Werner, 2011). According to human resource theory (Bacon et al, 2009), workers need maximum support from human resource function. In that case, the Qantas airways offer training to lag in order to motivate them as well as ensure competitive advantage in the company. Frances (2009) avows that training is imperative in ensuring imperative fly skills. In 2009, the company opened approximately $10 million staff training centers in an ride to build on economies of scale. The HRM through job design help the workforce to make vital adjustments. Problems and Implications confront by QantasAlthough the two major basic functions of HRM is to ensure successful change management and job analysis and design, the Qantas airline has undergonethrough various challenges in these two areas. The HRM in their change management focused on cutting costs such as labor costs in order to increase productivity, ensure moderate workers salary and introduce flexible structures. However, they have failed in ensuring effective and non-biased change management. This is because, workers recently have been complaining of being paid meager salaries and even gone for strikes. Under change management, they should have ensured successful remuneration of employees. However, it is embarrassing to note that a reputable company like Qantas w ith such successful change management strategy has failed to take care of its employees. The unsolved salary issues have caused employee outcry and various scandals in the company.The pilots have been protesting over meager salaries and the union workers have continued to demonstrate over pay dissimilitude arguing they are paid 25% less than their equals in Victoria (Hernandez, 2012). In a keep up that was conducted in 2012, on three thousand Qantas employees, the workers expressed dissatisfaction with the management of the company mostly the HRM (McDonald, 2012). Serious staff challenges have continued threatening the company yet up to now the HRM is still reluctant to come up with a new change management model such as ADKAR model that go away cater for the interests of workers and allow the company to focus activities on particular business results (Hiatt, 2006). Under Job analysis and design, it is apparent that the HRM made immense mistakes in choosing the right candidates. D espite heavy training programs that the HRM has invested in during job analysis and design process, it is only in 2008 that the company was involved in an in-flight incident, which caused serious injuries to passengers and death of 129 passengers payable to specious commands (Frances, 2009). In addition, it is apparent that training has not had a positive impact in the company since in 2006, the Qantas Airways pilots failed to monitor their position hence ended up to the wrong runway.Moreover, in 2009, the companys pilots failed to ac effledge and decided to overshoot their destinations by 150 miles (Frances, 2009). Frances (2009) alleges that captains in the company are not adequate enough as they lacked knowledge on use of stick shaker and stall recovery and then causing serious accidents. It is hence clear that the HRM department leaves a lot to be desired as incidences have continued to intensify despite the companys change management and job design and analysis strategy (Loui se, 2011). Withsuch a successful airline company, it is apparent that its HRM is ineffectual and has only led to losses than success. The company asserts that it is committed fully to developing its people, yet they do not seem to know how they can forge a beneficial relationship with its staff. There has been a lot of change in the company including cutting of costs, developing training programs, outsourcing working rules and regulations, collaborating with the unions yet the situation seem to be go from bad to worse. It is apparent that the HRM has been incompetent in hiring the right personnel and dealing with employees. Implications to StakeholdersVarious stakeholders include trade unions, government, shareholders, customers, community, business partners, employees, the media, and non-governmental organizations. They all have a major influence on the companys performance and its strategy. The media coverage on wrong decisions in the Qantas have affected negatively on the compan ys image. The problems discussed obviously imply that the HRM, shareholders, and business partners have been reluctant in solving the reliable crisis hence impact the performance of the company. Because of the accidents reported, most consumers are not keen on using Qantas airline hence poignant profitability (BBC News, 2012). Additionally, the challenges in the company have also affected employees and consumers on grounds that they have confounded confidence with the running of the company (Sandilands, 2011). The looming disagreement between Qantas and its pilots shows clearly that the HRM and business partners have failed in ensuring they pass in effective management of the company. In addition, the Non-governmental organizations have failed in conflict resolution between the Qantas and its employees.It is apparent that the HRM, business partners, and non-governmental organizations involved have failed in coming up with rational solutions to ensure such current disputes do no t develop into a major crisis. Instead of the companys CEO, Alan Joyce holding juicy talks, he has been busy making provocative comments in numerous heated exchanges. For instance, he condemned union members on issues regarding wages arguing that their talks and protests were baseless (Bamber, 2011). The union leaders in return criticized N senior(a) managers and accused them of tarnishing the brand image of the company while they were awarding themselves hefty salaries.This hence implies that thecommunity as well as Union members have lost confidence on the companys stakeholders and this in return has led to bad publicity and reduced profitability. Consequently, the media has given a wide coverage on the companys latest controversies meaning that it is benefiting financially because of the developing story. It is upsetting to see Qantas employees go on strike due to poor management issues in a company owned by various stakeholders. The shareholders, business partners, the HRM, CE O, and Nongovernmental Organizations have a major role to play in ensuring issues in the company are resolved and the company goes back to its initial profitable situation. Therefore, they need to sit down and come up with a rational plan towards improvement (Bamber, 2011). Action plan and RecommendationsWith the increasing incidences, there is hence a need to come up with an action plan. First, all the stakeholders must meet to discuss on ways to solve the recent crisis. In the meeting, there will be change of communication and training model to more rational models that are employee oriented. The HRM will carry out the process and engage other stakeholders to give ideas on how salary and training issues ought to be handled. The change process will take place from initiatory to 28th November in the companys boardroom. To carry out the process, the employees will be interviewed in order to show some of the areas they would need change. The entire companys workforce and managers will be given information concerning the changed plan. The recent problems involving HRM function has caused the company to suffer financially. The Qantas airline in their website asserts that, Qantas is committed to providing meaningful jobs with competitive salaries and superior benefits (Qantas, n.d). However, they have failed in fulfilling their promise as the strikes reported tell a different story. In addition, they allege that they provide targeted, quality training to the Qantas group and assists in the development of skills (Qantas, n.d). However, the accidents reported show a major gap in their training strategy.The HRM should revisit their training and communication model and make a change on it. It is time the company moved out of a market go up change strategy that only focus on making profits and focus on employee oriented approach that consider the interests of workers. With an effective trainingmodel, there will be workshop and focus group sessions where employees air t heir grievances and come up with solutions to their problems (Frances, 2009). In addition, effective HRM communication should contribute successfully to teamwork, learning, innovation, safety, and productivity (Krizan et al, 2010). Moreover, the HRM should invest intemperately on their pilot candidates and ensure that they get the right training. Coming up with a HR strategic oriented communication model is important in guaranteeing that employees are at par with requirements and needs of the company. This will help in discussing paramount issues affecting the running of the company. Once there is fit between communication and training model in relation to the role of the HRM, the next step should be to come up with a tactical plan on how the HR will be managing their roles to ensure there are no more scandals.The HR needs to be involved fully in daily operations of the company to ensure alignment with needs of the employees. Moreover, the HRM should come up with performance managem ent plan, which is imperative in following up on the performance of the staff members. The HRM should also be transparent in its strategy. This means that the companys operational and strategic agenda should be communicated clearly to workers and must be accepted. This will ensure employees needs are met and there are no operational challenges. In addition, its mission should be shared with other shareholders to make sure they are on the right path to correcting the image of the company. Todays HR models recognize on the fact that people do not leave their issues at home when they are going to work. For the company to be successful, it should focus on the needs of the workers whether personal or professional. This will motivate the workers to deliver quality work. In that case, there will be less accidents and remuneration problems in the company (Frances, 2009). In addition, in training sessions, the HR should focus on changing staff members attitude towards work and teach them on how to have a positive attitude. This will help in motivating workers and encouraging them to air their grievances through dialogue.

Hiring and Firing Essay Example for Free

Hiring and open fire EssayThis essay exit identify and discuss the unalike recruitment and selection dos of organizations in the UK and these dos will be comp ard to the counterparts in the rest of European Countries. The essay will excessively comment on the pitf exclusivelys in the UK organizations which acquit led to tied detention of the managers in these corporations. The terminating practices in the organizations of UK will also be discussed and the pitfalls will be compared to the companies establish in the European Countries. This is the reason why fewer students are choosing IT related fields in their graduate degrees as there are no jobs available for the locals in these companies. This is a pitfall that has been dug by these IT companies themselves as they will not match both talent from the local market if there is a restriction of off-shoring in the future (MarketWatch 2006). ugly Recruitment Practice in UK A commonwealth assessment caller-up, Talent Q t hat helps employers in managing and recruiting talent, has found many an(prenominal) companies and managers to be taking poor decisions routinely when hiring employees. in that location are many bad consequences of this poor hiring practice as the fall in productivity is equal to GBP 2,400 per annum for each worker who assures himself misplaced in a job which he does not want to do or is not capable of performing. Effectively, the aggregate join goes up to GBP 5million per annum for the economy of UK (M2PressWIRE 2007). According to an official survey of Talent Q, 24 percent of the employees who were recruited were not asked to halt an aptitude test and another 44 percent of the personnel who were required were not short-listed using any personality test.Based on 25 years of academic research across many companies of cock-a-hoop scale, these findings were processed through a model which is universally accepted. This model demonstrates the cast iron effectiveness of the assessm ent. The current extent of the issues for the employers became clear when these results were combined with salary data from Office for National Statistics. The CEO of Talent Q commented that the organizations much fail to employ people on the basis of aptitude test and personality test.However, employing people on the basis of gut feeling is by far the worst employment technique known, whereas many studies have shown that when employers use assessment techniques to find out the personaliy and aptitude of a person, they get much better results (M2PressWIRE 2007). vocalise of Mouth Recruiting The applicants who apply through word-of-mouth are found to be more suitable than the recruits obtained by advertising and are more likely to stay longer in the job. However, it is not always the possibility that the best candidate for a job is selected through word-of-mouth applications.This practice for recruitment is be skillful in the UK at higher(prenominal) rates among the elder leve ls and is known as headhunting. The objective of these seniors is to fill the higher passing jobs with the people whom they know or are there relatives (HRM Guide Network 2007). Promise of Bonuses The call in of bonuses while recruiting the employees has been the worst pitfall of the recruitment practices in the UK. Mercer Consulting has found through research that the overall pay of CEOs in the UK from bonuses has grown from 13 percent to 19 percent in 2004 (Mercer Human Resource Consulting 2004).There has been a major effect on the earnings growth rates in the UK because of the large name of bonuses that were paid in the recent years (Freeman 2002). This practice of attracting talent through offering bonuses does not plug a motivated employee. This ensures only that decisions are made by the employees that get him the bonuses and these decisions may harm the company in the long-run. The companies in the UK are also using bonuses as a tool for employee retention and this practi ce is becoming quite common in the UK economy.However, the new plan to attract new talent and to lay off the existing employees is not in the hands of the managers at middle or set down level. The senior management is most of the companies makes such decisions (Nisar 2007). Off-shoring in the UK umteen companies in the UK, especially those related to IT and innovation, are hiring ball-hawking but relatively cheap labor from overseas. This hiring has been allowed by the government because of which work permits and visas have also been dish out to thousands of workers from abroad.Although these cost effective options cannot be ignored by the managers but they find their hands tied when they find cheap labor which can help the company reduce cost (MarketWatch 2006). The Responsibility of the Managers The managers and personal secretaries are getting increasingly responsible for the recruitment of unfilled vacancies. However, these managers cannot be so sure nearly hiring the expe rt person or deciding a testing system for the vacancy. Where these managers are asked to cut cost, they are also asked to hire the best person.However, tests such as aptitude test, personality test, skill test or psychometric tests can be truly expensive. This is in contradiction to cheap hiring and many managers find themselves in a position of hiring a person not fit for job because of fixed or limited cipher allocated for hiring (Renshaw 2003). According to the head of a psychometric company, most of the employees are hired within the first atomic number 23 minutes of an interview which is done with the help of instincts.Although in these five minutes, the conversation does not go beyond smiles and introductions but many think that this is the best practice. Hiring through taking tests has been proved to be the best technique which many managers in the UK do not follow. Those employees who are hired without these tests, they are more likely to souse the company in losses (Re nshaw 2003). Lowering Hiring Requirements The companies with vacancies in the Europe mostly respond with lowering the hiring requirements so as to lower the cost associated with hiring.These chances although increase the chances of filling the vacancy but it also results in a match that resists or terminates when he is hit by a requirement that he cannot address to because of lower level of skills or experience. When searching costs are high, the European employers are more likely to hire under qualified employees for transient positions. One of the consequences of hiring an under qualified person is high firing costs if the employee is able to get a permanent contract (Brencic 2009). Temporary Employment Practices in the EuropeMany countries in Europe ban or restrict the use of temporary workers. However, there has been a growth acceptance for the temporary employment in the region. Many companies which do not want to rush in hiring and then make a wrong choice are hiring tempora ry employees. The UK, Luxembourg, Netherlands and Denmark are the countries among those which have temporary labor markets, but the countries like Greece, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium, Germany and Portugal still have stringent policies over temporary hiring (Messmer 1994). Firing Practices in EuropeThe economies of Europe have been awfully trailing US and other developed countries because of forests of red tape, Brobdingnagian welfare, overregulation and restrictive hiring and firing practices. Firing Limitations in UK Due to the implementation of several equal employment hazard acts and laws in the United Kingdom, the employers are restricted to fire or layoff employees. This literally throws a manager at his seat with his hands tied as he cannot fire any employee who is not performing. According to the laws, based on the personal status of the worker, an employer may not establish hiring or recruiting criteria.Employers are not allowed to avenge against, lay-off or fire their employees citing reasons based on the personal status outlined in the federal decree of anti-discrimination. The labor is protected with the act of penalties and recourse which says that if an employee is discriminated in the areas of firing and hiring, he may collect all the monetary damages that are done by the employer (Pearson 2010). Firing Practices in Germany In December 2000, the Vauxhall Motors Luton denote the closure of a facility with firing of approximately 2000 people.No details were announced publicly or so the firing of employees and what benefits would they get. The employees being affected were not told about the decision that the management was about to take about the closure of a facility. The employees were not even told why the facility was closed or why were they being fired (Butler, Sweeney and Crundwell 2009). This shows that the firing practices in Germany are very different as compared to UK, where a company has very limited power to fire permanent emplo yees.In Germany, however, the companies have power to lay-off the employees whenever they want without presenting any reason. Similarities of Firing Practices in UK and other European Countries In this time of economic downturn, when many large corporations are spicy in downsizing practices, the countries like UK, Italy, France and Germany are targeting the older employees for lay-offs. The reason behind is quite logical as the employees grow older, they become less productive and the company find more talented young people to replace them (Cattaneo et al.2010).The organizations in most of the economies of Europe view older employees as more disposable and choke little value to them (Barth et al. , 1993 Eastman, 1993 Loretto and White, 2006). Conclusion There are certain similarities in the UK and Europe companies when it comes to laying-off or recruitment of the employees. However, the differences are more as the UK companies are bound by laws and strict regulations for firing emp loyees which literally ties the hands of the managers when it comes to firing and hiring of the employees.

The Factors That Can Affect An Individual Essay Example for Free

The Factors That Can Affect An Individual EssayThe factors that butt joint affect an individuals views on expiration and dying and include kind factors, cultural, sacred and touch sensation I believe mavins religion plays a big part. well-nigh(prenominal) an(prenominal) suicide bombers believe that if they fight the spiritual war and become a hero through remainder they give get humanityy virgins as a reward in the afterlife. at that placefore they dont mind killing themselves. Most people view the estimate of death through the glasses of their trained religion teachings.Death is a personal event that man weednot attain for himself. As far back as we can signalise, man has been both intrigued by death and horrible of it he has been motivated to seek receptions to the mystery and to seek solutions to his anxiety. Every known culture has provided nigh answer to the heart and soul of death for death, homogeneous birth or marriage, is universally regarded as a socially heartyEvent, set off by ritual and supported by institutions. It is the final examination rite de passage. The social and psychological aspects of death create been studied by anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists, and psychiatrists and the main outlines of their understandings can be summarized on 3 levelscultural, social, and individual. The meanings which have been attached to death in most cultures include beliefs in some kind of world after death most peoplessave the no literatehave entertained theories of personal buyback and religion, philosophy, and political ideology have provided some answers to mans quest for the meaning of death. The relationship mingled with death and the social structure has received little systematic attention from social scientists, although there is frequently research on the social prescriptions for misadventure, especially as these relate to ritualistic mourning and individual grief. break up empirical studies suggest t hat, for the individual in the contemporary Western world, matters of death atomic number 18 less undischarged than those of living, although there are clear traces of a latent and underlying ambivalence.Spiritual, religious, and cultural beliefs and practices play a operative role in the lives of patients who are seriously ill and dying. In addition to providing an ethical foundation for clinical decision making, spiritualand religious traditions provide a conceptual framework for understanding the human have of death and dying, and the meaning of illness and suffering Death is a personal event that man cannot describe for himself. As far back as we can tell, man has been both intrigued by death and fearful of it he has been motivated to seek answers to the mystery and to seek solutions to his anxiety. Every known culture has provided some answer to the meaning of death for death, like birth or marriage, is universally regarded as a socially significant event, set off by ritua l and supported by institutions. It is the final rite de passage. The social and psychological aspects of death have been studied by anthropologists, sociologists, psychologists, and psychiatrists and the main outlines of their understandings can be summarized on three levelscultural, social, and indAdults experiencing a death feel a whole range of emotions including panic, shock, disbelief, hopelessness, irritability, isolation, and sometimes even relief if the death comes after a long, painful, lingering illness. They need time to go through different stages of grief. Just as with teens, adults whitethorn become depressed, and their physical and mental health may suffer. They as well may worry closely the realistic effects the death will have on their life. For example, their financial security may change. Having friends who are effectual listeners and who offer practical help when needed can ease adults through difficult emotional times. Many people, both children and adults , take a chance short term professional counselling and grief support groups helpful in understanding their emotions and knowing that they are not going through the grief process alone.After death, intimately all religions and cultures perform some ceremony to mark the death and celebrate the life and memories of the person who has died. in that location ceremonies and rituals are very authoritative to the survivors. Occasionally before a funeral can occur, an autopsy must be done to determine precisely the cause of death. Autopsies are usually done in the event of an unanticipated death or where criminal activity is suspected. The idea of an autopsy may be very upset to the survivors.During an autopsy, a specialist medical doctor called a pathologist examinesthe body and submits a detailed underwrite on the cause of death. Although an autopsy can do nothing for the individual after death, the information it provides can benefit the family and, in some cases, medical science. For example, the link between smoking and lung cancer was confirmed from data gathered through autopsy.10.Respect the physicians professional responsibility to discontinue some treatments when divert, with consideration for both patient and family preferences 11.Promote clinical and evidence-based research on providing accusation at the end of life.Cultural Aspects of Death and DyingPosted by Marcia Carteret, M. Ed. in Cultural Health Beliefs + Behaviors, Special TopicsWhile the end of life experience is universal, the behaviors associated with expressing grief are very much culturally bound. Death and grief macrocosm normal life events, all cultures have developed ways to cope with death in a respectful manner, and interfering with these practices can cut peoples ability to cope during the grieving process. While health care providers cannot be expect to know the mourning ceremonies and traditions of each familys culture, understanding some basics nearly how different culture s may prepare for and respond to death is weighty. Though difficult to ask, there are crucial questions that need to be part of conversations between doctors and nurses and families. For exampleWhat are the cultural rituals for coping with dying, the deceased person persons body, the final arrangements for the body and honoring the death? What are the familys beliefs somewhat what happens after death? What does the family consider to be the roles of each family member in handling the death? Who should the doctor talk to about test results or diagnosis? Are certain types of death less acceptable (for example, suicide) or are certain types of death especially hard to handle for that culture (for example, the death of a child this example may appear too obvious, but in countries with highinfant mortality, there are indeed different attitudes about the loss of children.)3This list of questions is so beta because patients and families should be viewed as a source of knowledge about their special/cultural unavoidably and norms but health care professionals sometimes are at a loss about what to ask under such trying circumstances. There is perhaps no field of battle where reliance on cultural reference books is less useful. The degree of acculturation is absolutely paramount in determining the beliefs and traditions a family will follow when coping with impending death, post-death arrangements and mourning. While we can find some(prenominal) similarities across cultures, such as wearing black as a sign of mourning, there are always exceptions. In China, for example, white is the color of death and mourning.Part of why the degree of acculturation is exceedingly significant is that blending belief systems becomes more pronounced in exceedingly acculturated persons. There are places in the world where accommodation is made for multiple faiths. For example, in Nigeria there is a triple heritage of Christianity, Islam, and ascendent worship2. Similar blending can be found in Caribbean nations and Mexico where Catholicism can be change integrity with indigenous folk beliefs like Voodoo and Curanderismo. Another layer of expectation comes with living in the unify States culture and relying on the Western medical culture. The mix of cultural/religious attitudes and behaviors surrounding death and dying can become very complex indeed. And when a death actually occurs, some individuals suddenly fill to break with tradition entirely, often creating chaos within families.What follows in this article are some important points of consideration, but the list is introductory in nature at best. There is a strong commission on religions because religion can be thought of as a cultural system of meaning that helps to solve problems of uncertainty, powerlessness, and scarcity that death creates. In placing death within a religious perspective, bereaved persons find meaning for an event that for many is inexplicable.1 (Each underlined heading is a l ink to further resources for readers.)Monotheistic Religions Especially since the events of 911 changed manypeoples views of Muslims, it is important to be aware that Christians and Muslims both believe death is a variety to a more glorious place and both believe in the sovereignty of a idol (Allah) in matters of loss and take consolation in phrases such as Allah giveth and Allah taketh away. Both are also faiths springing from a single scripture, founder or sacred place. Readings from the Koran or Bible are important parts of the recognizing the departure of a loved one from this life.Similarly, in the Jewish faith, there is the expression mourners itemize a few minutes before a funeral begins The Lord has given and the Lord has taken, blessed be the name of the Lord. Both Muslims and Christians believe in the afterlife and view worldly life much in terms of preparing for eternal life. In the Jewish tradition, the focus is on the purpose of earthly life, which is to fulfill ones duties to god and ones fellow man. Succeeding at this brings reward, failing at it brings punishment.The traditions some death and dying differ greatly across all three major monotheistic religious systems (as well as within different branches of each faith, i.e. Jehovahs Witnesses and Mormonism in Christianity). They are highly nuanced and very hard for outsiders to understand thoroughly. Key rituals and practices that differ widely between religions include the preparation of the deceased persons body, the permissibility of organ donation, and the choosing of cremation vs. burial.Ancestor Worship The premise of ancestor worship is based on understanding that the course of life is cyclical not linear. Those who are utterly may not be seen physically, but are alive in a different world and/or can transmigrate in new births. Ancestor worship in various forms can be found in many parts of the world and is very strong in parts of Africa and Asia. Many Native Americans and Buddhists alike believe that the living co-exist with the dead. A central theme in all ancestor worship is that the lives of the dead may have supernatural powers over those in the living world the ability to bless, curse, give or take life.In some cultures, worship of the dead is important, and includes making offerings of food, money, clothing, and blessings. In China there is the yearly observance of sweeping the sculpt and as its name denotes, it is a time for people to tend the gravesof the departed ones. In Mexico, there is The Day of the Dead (Dia de los Muertos), a holiday that focuses on gatherings of family and friends to pray for and dream up those who have died. The Day of the Dead is also celebrated by many Latin Americans living in the U.S. and Canada. The intent of the celebration is to encourage visits by the souls of the departed so that those souls will hear the prayers and the comments of the living direct at them. It makes sense that in cultures where ancestor worship i s common, the acceptance of organ donation and cremation may be low.Buddhism and Hinduism Hinduism does not have roots springing from a single scripture, founder or sacred place. It is more like an umbrella term describing a set of philosophies and ways of life. Buddhism has a single founder, but the Buddha is not prayed to in the same sense as a God or Allah. Buddhism is also a set of philosophies for living. There are marked differences between the two, or course, but in both death is not seen as the end of life it is merely the end of the body we inhabit in this life. The spirit remains and will seek attachment to a new body and a new life in Buddhism it is called a kulpa, which is a unit of time.Where a given person will be born again is a result of the past and the accumulation of positive and negative action, and the result of karma. Followers of both traditions keep in mind the impermanence of life. The transition of a soul to a new life is very important so both traditions observe specific rituals at the time of dying and the handling of the body. The corpse of a Buddhist should not be touched for 3-8 hours after breathing ceases as the spirit lingers on for some time. Hindus believe the body of the dead must be bathed, massaged in oils, dressed in new clothes, and because cremated before the next sunrise. It follows that cremation would be acceptable in a faith where the soul will be released to find another body to inhabit.Truth-telling to Patients In collectivist cultures, the good of the individual is often so meshed with the good of the family or in-group that family members may have a greater say in health care decisions than the patient does in some circumstances. In many countries, family members may become very upset if a physician reveals bad news directly to the patient. Families and patients may place great value on the secure NOT to know Thisis completely at odds with the standards set forth in the Patient self Determination Act http/ /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_Self-Determination_Act which secures certain rights legally for all patients in the U.S. The health care system needs to be flexible enough to accommodate communication patterns that look different from those within the informed-consent tradition which insists doctors and nurses tell patients everything. So, a key question in cross-cultural health care situations would be Who do you privation me to talk to about test results or diagnosis?Expressions of Grief In some cultures, showing grief, including wailing, is judge of mourners because the more torment displayed and the more people crying, the more the person was loved. In other cultures, restraint is expected. Rules in Egypt and Bali, both Islamic countries, are opposite in Bali women may be strongly discouraged from crying, bit in Egypt women are considered abnormal if they dont nearly incapacitate themselves with demonstrative weeping. In Japan, it is super important not to show ones grief for a number of reasons. Death should be seen as a time of liberation and not sorrow, and one should bear up under incident with strength and acceptance. One never does anything to make someone else uncomfortable. In Latino cultures, it may be appropriate for women to wail, but men are not expected to show overt emotion due to machismo. In China, hiring professional wailers may be customary in funerals, which may sound odd, but this was also a common practice in Victorian England.Conclusion For health care professionals, providing culturally sensitive bereavement/end of life care is understandably an issue of discomfort. Language and cultural barriers obviously compound the challenges of being professionally appropriate and compassionate. Patients and families may be in need of compassion, advice, and guidance from doctors and nurses, but often the realities of a given situation include a press for time and both physical and emotional exhaustion among providers and families.It happen s sometimes we simply fail, in the moment, to express sufficient sensitivity and warmth when critical decisions must be made. The clinical facts are immediate and demand logical linear thinking which is natural for thosetrained in the Western medical tradition. For many cultures, such a direct approach may seem harsh, and decisions about something like organ donation might be experienced as inhumane immediately upon death. The questions suggested in this article can be used to ease some of the communication challenges and facilitate more receptiveness between health care professionals and families around death and dying. Of course they should be tailored to the context of a given situation.