tempcolon The Theme of Colonization in The Tempest Essay example -- T

The Theme of Colonization in The Tempest Colony-A member or dweller of a colony. A body of emigrants who settle in a remote region but remain under the control of a parent country. --Websters vocabulary Can Prospero be defined as a type of colonist? He does, after all, impose his presence onto an island already inhabited by soul else, take over control and enslave his predecessor, while at the same time still remaining under the control of his intrinsic land. If Prospero represents the colonist, or the duster man, then Caliban serves as his counterpart in this discussion. Critics have argued in the past that The Tempests representation of Caliban relates Caliban to the black man, because Caliban, like African Americans of early times, is conquered and forced into slavery against his impart. Caliban and then becomes a representative of the colonized man. Critics have pointed out that this device seems to fit the bill because of the Caribbean like location of the play it is f oreign and strange and not the native home of the white man who comes to discover it and claim it as his own. At the same time, if the audience takes this interlingual rendition to light, Prospero thereof emerges as the white man, or the colonist. Caliban thus serves to represent native cultures, while Prospero serves to represent colonizing cultures, like the British of Shakespeares time. The parallel of Prosperos domination of Caliban as compared to the Europeans colonization of the Africans, which was a topic of Shakespeares time, becomes relevant upon closer examination. This interpretation can be found within the consistent arguments between Prospero and Caliban. Prospero feels the island is his he rightfully won it fro... ... they were the original owners of the island, without the power to regain the island or their native land, they will never have the ability to be able to call the land solely their own again. Works Cited Brown, Paul. This thing of darkness I acknowled ge mine The Tempest and the discourse of colonialism. New York Collimore and Sinfield, 1985. pp. 48-71. Davis, Angela. Women, Race and Class. London Womens Press, 1982. Fanon, Frantz. Black Skins, White Masks. London Pluto Press, 1986. Griffiths, Trevor. This islands mine Caliban and Colonialism. Yearbook of English Studies 13. New York Harcourt Brace. Pp. 159-80. Mannoni, O., Prospero and Caliban The Psycholgoy of Colonization. New York Praeger, 1964. Nixon, Rob. Caribbean and African appropriations of The Tempest. Critical Inquiry 13 Spring 1987 pp. 557-77.

Comparing the Quest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete Essay -- compari

Quest for Self in Jane Eyre and Villete Why is Villette so disagreeable? Because the writers mind contains nothing but hunger, rebellion and rage. Matthew Arnold, 1853. Matthew Arnold was sure as shooting forthcoming about the defects of both Charlotte Brontes mind and of her novel. Indeed he was not alone in his answer to her Anne Mozley in The Christian Remembrancer in April 1853 wrote in reaction to Brontes other great work of rebellion, Jane Eyre, that she had to make a protest against the outrages on decorum, the moral perversity, the toleration, nay, indifference to vice which deform her picture of a barren woman (my italics). Mozley even went far enough to label Jane Eyre a dangerous book, a sentiment which Arnolds comments show that he sh ared. Yes both Villette and Jane Eyre are pervaded by hunger, rebellion and rage but it is this very factor which allows Brontes protagonists to explore their own identities in, crucially, their own terms. That both Jane Eyre and Villette are first person narratives is highly important. Unlike Catherine Earnshaw, Maggie Tulliver and Isabel Archer, Lucy Snowe and Jane Eyre are able to define their own stories, and subsequently, to define themselves. As Tony Tanner stated, Janes narrative act is not so much one of retrieval as of establishing and maintaining her identity operator and this can easily be extended to Lucy. Indeed in Villette the importance of language to proclaim identity, and therefore power, is demonstrated by Lucys inability to speak french when she arrives in Villette I could say nothing whatever. Of course the role of teaching Lucy to speak French falls to M. Paul demonstrating the masc... ...ion and rage. BBIBLIOGRAPHY The Brontes The Critical Heritage, ed. Miriam Allott (1974). Person, Narrative and individuality in Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre, Tony Tanner in Teaching the Text ed. S Kappeler. Jane Eyres Interior Design, Karen Chase in Jane Eyre (New textboo k), ed. Heather Glenn. Introduction to Villette (Penguin,1979), Tony Tanner. The Buried spirit of Lucy Snowe and A Dialogue of Self and Soul Plain Janes Progress in The Mad Woman in the Attic, Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar (2000). Charlotte Bronte as a Freak Genius, David Cecil in Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyreand Villette (A Casebook Series) ed. Miriam Allot. Three Womens Texts and a Critique of Imperialism, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak in The Feminist Reader ed. Catherine Belsey and Jane Moore (1997).

Modernization of Health Practices in East Central :: essays research papers

The colonization of the westbound world brought on many changes for the indigenous people of Africa in every(prenominal) way of life. The Christian missionaries accomplished much more than just introducing their religion. They also exposed and converted Africans to horse opera values and social beliefs. Health care practices were genius of the things greatly influenced by the colonization. In my paper, I am focusing on the practices of the east central region of Africa, including the regions of Nigeria and (???). This region has common Bantu-speaking ancestors and commonalties among medicines and practices. The impact of the western world is easily recognizable because of the radical differences in thought between the Europeans and the Africans. At the time of colonization, European health care centered around erudition and reason. Most Africans, on the other hand, believed in more abstract, spiritual explanations for disease and illness. Religious practitioners had a big part in the healing process. The infiltration of western ideas sparked obvious changes and many times produced a combination of traditional healing along with western ideas. in that location were changes in health care practices even forwards the time of colonization and I will also give a brief history of this change to emphasize the fact that religion and practices are never stagnant. Brief history of people in East Central regionAfrican healing practices tradition everyy have strong ties with religion. They place an emphasis on holistic healing and believe in a mind-body connection. Divination is one technique that is often used to find the cause of a particular illness. "Since all human problems such as infertility, illness, and trouble in hunting, are ascribed to moral conflicts within the human community, the diviners task is to disclose acts of immorality which have provoked the retribution of the ancestors, and to reveal the destructive hand of witches and sorcerers." (Ray, 104). A diviner searches a persons past to find something that may be ascribed to the works of an outside solution. They want to find the source of the problem before simply treating the symptoms. They also believe that once the source is found, a ceremony can be performed that may lead to the reversal of its effect. There is a strong belief that the cause of illness is in the mind, so when the treatment is foscused there, improvement in physical ailments may be seen. "Because illness and expiry are seen to be rooted in immoral acts, the diviners role

History of Accounting Essay -- Accounting Employment Bookkeeping Essay

History of AccountingThe history of accountancy I feel is fundamental in the learning, understanding, and developing of my foundation for my business relationship career. In this report you go forth learn about the development of accounting. You will learn about the people who influenced accounting the most throughout the years. You will learn how accounting came about and how it was used in the ancient times. You will learn about the invention of the double-entry book livelihooding processes. You will learn how things were done before the birth of the double-entry bookkeeping process. You will learn about Luca Pacioli and the Summa. You will also learn about modern accounting and ACAUS.In attempting to explain why double entry bookkeeping developed in fourteenth century Italy instead of ancient Greece or Rome, accounting scholar A.C. Littleton describes 7 key ingredients which led to its creation. Those key ingredients consisting of private property, capital, commerce, credit, writing, money and arithmetic. Most of these did non exist in ancient times. This alone would not lead someone to draw a complete and involved accounting system. Writing, for example, is as old as civilization itself, but arithmetic - the systematic manipulation of number symbols - was really not a tool possessed by the ancients. Fairly, the persistent use of roman numerals for pecuniary transactions long after the introduction of Arabic numeration appears to watch delayed the earlier creation of double-entry systems. However, the problems encountered by the ancients with record keeping, control and verification of financial transactions was not entirely different than our own today. Governments had strong incentives to keep careful records of receipts and disbursements -for the most part as concerns taxes. In any society where individuals accumulated wealth, there was a desire by the rich to perpetrate audits on the honesty and skill of slaves and employees entrust ed with asset management. But the lack of the above-listed antecedent to double entry bookkeeping made the job of an ancient accountant extraordinarily difficult. In societies where nearly all were illiterate, writing materials costly, numeration difficult and money systems inconsistent, a transaction had to be extremely important to justify keeping an accounting record.Accounting in ancient Mesopotamia, Circa 350... ...also shifted the focus to revenues and expenses . At the turn of the century, there were at least four types of funds statements in use - those that summarized changes in cash, in current assets, in working capital and overall financial activities. Accountant H.A. Finney led the movement for use of a funds statement, which focused on fluidness by tracking the sources of changes in working capital. He used a worksheet approach to highlight meaningful balance sheet changes by aggregating most of the fluctuations, which strickle working capital and offered a standa rdized method for calculating them. In the 1940s, the accounting profession increasingly used the funds statement to measure the existent flow of monies, rather than simply the sum of working capital changes between balance sheet dates. The funds statement increasingly became a staple for the financial statement, and in 1971 the AICPA began requiring its inclusion in stockholders annual reports.So in conclusion I hope by reading this you know have a correct understanding accounting. Also I want you to have and understanding of how it was originated and the major contributors of the systems we use today in accounting.

Generation X, Less Happy, Why? :: essays research papers

Generation X, Less Happy, wherefore?Nowadays divorce is so common its hard for people to try hard, fightthrough their problems and make a marriage last when theres such an simple wayout, divorce. Marriages of earlier generations were sometimes happier, becausedivorce wasnt the immediate anecdote to family or marital problems. I come tothis conclusion from hearing about my mas childhood.My grandparents have stayed unneurotic to this day regardless of theirproblems which do my mammary glands childhood happier. One incident which illuminatesmy mas childhood being happier is when my grandpa had to wreak care of the kidsbecause my grandmother was in the hospital. It was great for my mom to have herown pay back take care of them instead of being left with an aunt or a closefamily friend.My grandmother was told shed be in the hospital for a orthodontic braces of weeks ,it ended up being three. This was the first time she was separated from herchildren, and the first time my grand pa, the businessman, had to take care ofthe house and kids. each the household duties changed and it was hectic, mygrandpa had to take on the mother role. He had to make breakfast for the kids,pack their lunches, go grocery shopping, help with home hunt and take the kids toschool. My mom who was unaccompanied nine was the only girl so they make her make thebeds and clear the table. Those three weeks were hell, for all of them. For mygrandpa it was difficult to take care of e very(prenominal)thing and work over forty hours aweek. For the children it was hard to be separated from mom. All mygrandmother did was worry the whole time about the kids, the house and mygrandpa belike having a nervous breakdown.It was very difficult, but this incident brought all of them closer, ina way. My grandmother missed her family as much as they missed her. My mom anduncles also became a sight closer to my grandfather. Overall this experienceshowed my grandparents how much they loved, missed, and n eeded each other but itwas better when they handled things together and then they knew they made theright decision by staying together. This experience, in a way, showed them whatit would be like if they were divorced or separated, lonely, sad, and veryGeneration X, Less Happy, Why? essays research papers Generation X, Less Happy, Why?Nowadays divorce is so common its hard for people to try hard, fightthrough their problems and make a marriage last when theres such an easy wayout, divorce. Marriages of earlier generations were sometimes happier, becausedivorce wasnt the immediate anecdote to family or marital problems. I come tothis conclusion from hearing about my moms childhood.My grandparents have stayed together to this day regardless of theirproblems which made my moms childhood happier. One incident which illuminatesmy moms childhood being happier is when my grandpa had to take care of the kidsbecause my grandmother was in the hospital. It was great for my mom to have herow n father take care of them instead of being left with an aunt or a closefamily friend.My grandmother was told shed be in the hospital for a couple of weeks ,it ended up being three. This was the first time she was separated from herchildren, and the first time my grandpa, the businessman, had to take care ofthe house and kids. All the household duties changed and it was hectic, mygrandpa had to take on the mother role. He had to make breakfast for the kids,pack their lunches, go grocery shopping, help with homework and take the kids toschool. My mom who was only nine was the only girl so they made her make thebeds and clear the table. Those three weeks were hell, for all of them. For mygrandpa it was difficult to take care of everything and work over forty hours aweek. For the children it was hard to be separated from mom. All mygrandmother did was worry the whole time about the kids, the house and mygrandpa probably having a nervous breakdown.It was very difficult, but this inciden t brought all of them closer, ina way. My grandmother missed her family as much as they missed her. My mom anduncles also became a lot closer to my grandfather. Overall this experienceshowed my grandparents how much they loved, missed, and needed each other but itwas better when they handled things together and then they knew they made theright decision by staying together. This experience, in a way, showed them whatit would be like if they were divorced or separated, lonely, sad, and very

Generation X, Less Happy, Why? :: essays research papers

extension X, Less Happy, Why?Nowadays divorce is so common its hard for people to try hard, pitthrough their problems and make a marriage last when theres such an easy wayout, divorce. Marriages of earlier generations were some whiles happier, becausedivorce wasnt the immediate anecdote to family or married problems. I come tothis end from hearing about my moms childhood.My grandparents have stayed together to this day regardless of theirproblems which made my moms childhood happier. One incident which illuminatesmy moms childhood existence happier is when my grandpa had to take handle of the kidsbecause my granny was in the hospital. It was great for my mom to have herown father take care of them instead of being left-hand(a) with an aunt or a closefamily friend.My grandmother was told shed be in the hospital for a couple of weeks ,it ended up being three. This was the first magazine she was separated from herchildren, and the first conviction my grandpa, the businessman, had to take care ofthe house and kids. All the household duties changed and it was hectic, mygrandpa had to take on the mother role. He had to make eat for the kids,pack their lunches, go mart shopping, help with homework and take the kids toschool. My mom who was only nine was the only girl so they made her make thebeds and devolve the table. Those three weeks were hell, for all of them. For mygrandpa it was difficult to take care of everything and work over forty hours aweek. For the children it was hard to be separated from mom. All mygrandmother did was worry the whole time about the kids, the house and mygrandpa probably having a nervous breakdown.It was very difficult, entirely this incident brought all of them closer, ina way. My grandmother missed her family as much as they missed her. My mom anduncles also became a lot closer to my grandfather. Overall this experienceshowed my grandparents how much they loved, missed, and compulsory each other but itwas better when the y handled things together and then they knew they made theright decision by staying together. This experience, in a way, showed them whatit would be like if they were disjoint or separated, lonely, sad, and veryGeneration X, Less Happy, Why? essays research papers Generation X, Less Happy, Why?Nowadays divorce is so common its hard for people to try hard, fightthrough their problems and make a marriage last when theres such an easy wayout, divorce. Marriages of earlier generations were sometimes happier, becausedivorce wasnt the immediate anecdote to family or marital problems. I come tothis conclusion from hearing about my moms childhood.My grandparents have stayed together to this day regardless of theirproblems which made my moms childhood happier. One incident which illuminatesmy moms childhood being happier is when my grandpa had to take care of the kidsbecause my grandmother was in the hospital. It was great for my mom to have herown father take care of them instead of bei ng left with an aunt or a closefamily friend.My grandmother was told shed be in the hospital for a couple of weeks ,it ended up being three. This was the first time she was separated from herchildren, and the first time my grandpa, the businessman, had to take care ofthe house and kids. All the household duties changed and it was hectic, mygrandpa had to take on the mother role. He had to make breakfast for the kids,pack their lunches, go grocery shopping, help with homework and take the kids toschool. My mom who was only nine was the only girl so they made her make thebeds and clear the table. Those three weeks were hell, for all of them. For mygrandpa it was difficult to take care of everything and work over forty hours aweek. For the children it was hard to be separated from mom. All mygrandmother did was worry the whole time about the kids, the house and mygrandpa probably having a nervous breakdown.It was very difficult, but this incident brought all of them closer, ina way. My grandmother missed her family as much as they missed her. My mom anduncles also became a lot closer to my grandfather. Overall this experienceshowed my grandparents how much they loved, missed, and needed each other but itwas better when they handled things together and then they knew they made theright decision by staying together. This experience, in a way, showed them whatit would be like if they were divorced or separated, lonely, sad, and very

Learning and Decisions Essay

Decisions can be difficult to take up because they have such an encroachment on life. Have you ever had to make an important finis? Making finalitys is very important in life. Decisions are what make the world go around. I have made many decisions in my life. One that has changed the high school part of my life was whether or not I would play varsity hockey my freshman year. Before the decision I had made a list of the pros and cons. For instance I didnt like the fact that I would get slight playing time, although in the long run I would learn more and die a better hockey player.If I were to look back on my decision I definitely wouldnt change it for a second. Perhaps I might do some things different, but overall I meliorate my skills a luck and now use to the pace of the game. For this reason during the off season I was provided with more opportunities to play with older players to keep improving my skills. or so decisions can make or break a friendship. Specifically at th e beginning of this school year I told myself I was going to change my personality, and become a nicer guy. Compared to staying the same arrogant kid I have been able to acquire more friends and more respect.Particularly I choose to begin this decision because I felt like an idiot. In truth I figured I would be able to focus better in school because I wouldnt be getting in trouble. All things considered Im glad I made this decision. I am a lot happier person, and I hope to stick with it. With the way the economy is, I feel very fortunate to have a job. During the past two summers I made the decision to get a job. The alternative decision for me was to be sitting at home doing nothing, or out at work gaining in income, and a amenable attitude.Specifically I also choose this decision thinking it would keep me out of trouble. T was constantly exhausted but learned a lot of responsibility. Now after the decision if I were to look back on it I dont regret it. Decisions can be difficult to make because they have such an impact on life. The decisions I talked about were all ones that I would not change. These decisions have changed my life and I have learned a lot from them. In conclusion I have learned a lot from the decisions I have made, whether or not I regret them I look back on them as learning experiences.

Jasper Jones Essay

Jasper jones is intriguing novel by Craig Silvey it revolves rough the mysterious death the mayors daughter Laura Whishhart (jaspers girlfriend). Whose brutally abused body is found hanging from a tree in a clearing that has been adopted by jasper jones? And who has bad reputation due to his induce and the fact that he has to to steal in order to survive due to the lack of pargonnts. So jasper enlist the help of Charlie Bucktin an intelligent teenager to help underwrite Lauras body and attract to the bottom of this alleged murder.Jasper is forced to to hide her body instead of giving her a proper funeral as the residents who reside in Corrigan atomic number 18 ignorant, hypocritical, narrow- forefronted, racist people who fail to give jasper a fair judgement of character. They blame all their troubles on jasper and any(prenominal) immigrants that come to live in at that place town, more specifically the Lu family although the town bring inm to accept both Jeffrey and jasper when it comes to sports as in that location the towns best athletes at cricket and football the solitary(prenominal) issue that keeps jasper going is his resilience to find a way through invigoration.Craig uses a large variety of conventions to engage the reader and ensure a clear collar of the message he wants get across. Throughout the novel jasper is repeatedly used as a scape goat by the residents of Corrigan. The kids frequently use him to get out of trouble as his parents will not pass punishment as long as thither children say that they were with jasper jones or even stick to the issue back to him.The adult blame him for incessantlyything as well if something goes missing its immediately jaspers fault or when the post office burnt use up, theres an unfortunate accident or something is found broken people will still blame jasper weather there is or isnt any evidence to show it was him. The quotes Jasper Jones has a terrible reputation in Corrigan his a thief, a liar, a thug, and truant. Hes lazy and unreliable.Hes a feral and an orphan or as good as, his mother is dead and his father is no good hes the rotten model that parents score aloft as a warning this is how you will end up if youre disobedient. Jasper jones is an example of where poor aptitude will lead. In families throughout Corrigan, hes the first name to be blamed for everything. And outside of my mans pocket I never stole a thing I dint need. For certains. Im talkin about food, matched, clothes sometimes, whatever nuthin big ever nuthin people could go without. The first of these two quotes shows how jasper has a bad reputation and that people look down on him in disgust, like his a feral runt. That he gets blamed for every misdemeanour even though his clearly not responsible the run and use of insulting words gets the message across that his hated and everyone thinks his always up to no good even, that his reputation destroys any chance he has to keep going himself and show that he hasnt done anything wrong.While the second quote unspoiledifies jaspers actions in the sense that he save took what he needed that he was only trying to survive as he had no support from his father. He never stole out of greed and never had any luxuries he only had what he needed to survive and that it was society who looks down on him even with all of their comforts and fulfilled desires.The way in which its written shows how jasper interactions with society are limited and how his hasnt had the option to get an education as hes developed his own way of speaking which consist of mostly slang, this isnt beneficial l to his reputation ever as it for some residents it reinforces the idea that hes an uneducated feral. As a whole we can see that jasper is mis performed and misjudged which leads to everyone believing him to be genuine bad boy who is a source of unruly behaviour and a bad influence to those who are around him and as such is used as a template for where bad behaviour and disobedience will lead you.Although Corrigans residents is highly judgemental towards jasper and acts through prejudice there highly accepting to his athletic capabilities and while his making the town look good and winning there football games for him everyone will jeer him on just like they would to a Caucasian teenager but as briefly as jasper walks of the field that acceptance disappears and people start treating him like an outcast again this shows a hypocorism the people of Corrigan as they can cheer someone on as long as there accomplishing something for them but as soon as that person has done it they shack their heads at that person in disgust as through there worthless and dont wreak to society in any way. the folks who watch jasper play, who barrack for him like he was one of their own, are the same ones who might cut their eyes at him should he walk there way a few hours aft(prenominal) the game. But theyll smile and cheer and shake their heads in wonderment if h e takes a run through centre or if he nails one in the pocket this quote shows how the towns racial prejudice and hypocrisy and can in work them change their thoughts about jasper in a matter of second.That they refuse to accept him as a civil human being in general life but as soon as his winning a game for them his suddenly the best person theyve ever come across as hes beneficial to them. The conventions here are juxtaposition to help show how ignorant and arrogant Corrigans residence really as they change their mind from hes amazing, great, and spectacular to his filth, a runt and worthless to everybody Jasper manages to accept and lives through the prejudice based treatment because of the incredible amount of resilience he has, although his shunned, hatted, despised, judged and mistreated. Yet jasper doesnt show any bitterness to the town of Corrigan, he doesnt resent them he just accepts the way things are in the hopes that he might be able to change them.He has still develop ed a sense of loyalty at sense of right and wrong a maturity that is far advanced for his age and a street smart attitude to what the world is actually like. he has come to forgive those who mistreat him and treat them like equals even tho they neglect his right to be treated like one. I bin looking after myself since I can remember. And thats food, cloth, where I sleep the whole lot I tole, it doesnt matter how old you are. Everyone ages. Everyone can learn a trade and pay taxes and have a family. But thats not growing up. Its about how you act when your shit gets shaken up, its about how much you see around you, thats what makes a man.And if I can do it here, in this town, I can do it anywhere I reckon. This quote shows how resilient jasper has always been his been looking after himself for basically his whole life and has never lost hope or the slightest amount of morale. He believes that is He can handle the stress and tolerate the fanaticism of others he can make a living he c an make a good name for himself and come out of it as a better person then he is a man and that if he can do it in Corrigan he can get himself accepted by anyone, anywhere. The use of slang here in jaspers speech really help visualize the situation as it makes readers feel like what jaspers saying is the truth and that ever word is meant.Which makes it an emotive text as readers feel sorry about jaspers current situation yet are inspired by the resilience he shows to not give up. So in conclusion jasper has stayed strong despite his mistreatment by the town of Corrigan, he hasnt grown bitter towards the residence or think of them as bad people just that there ignorant. As they only accept the athletic part of him and not the indigenous. And as such infuses the sort out that aboriginals are bad news and jaspers already bad reputation to create the perfect scape goat for their troubles and problems and through craig silveys excellent use of conventions and unique written material st yle readers understand this text and its meaning relatively easy.

Trial balance

What is a essay proportionateness? State its objectives and characteristics. Give some reasons for disagreement of the Trial Balance. A Trial Balance is a list of all the General al-Quran accounts (both revenue and capital) contained in the ledger of a business. This list will contain the name of the nominal ledger account and the value of that nominal ledger account. The value of the nominal ledger will hold either a debit entry end value or a credit balance value.The debit balance values will be listed in the debit column of the trial balance and the redit value balance will be listed in the credit column. The profit and loss statement and balance sheet and other financial reports can then be produced apply the ledger accounts listed on the trial balance. The following ar the important objectives of trial balance 1. To Check The Arithmetical Accuracy Trial balance is based on the double-entry principle of debit equals credit or credit equals debit. As a result, the debit and credit columns of trial balance must always be equal.If they do, it is fake that the recordings of financial transactions are ccurate. Conversely, if they do not, it is assumed that they are not arithmetically accurate. Therefore, one important purpose of preparing trial balance is to provide a check on the arithmetical accuracy of the recordings of the financial transactions. 2. To Help Locate Accounting Errors Since the trial balance indicates if there is any error committed in the Journal and the ledger, it helps the accountant to locate the error because the starting point of locating errors is trial balance itself. 3.To Summarize the Financial Transactions A business performs several(prenominal) numbers of financial transactions during a certain period of time. The transactions themselves cannot portray any picture of the financial affairs of the business. For that purpose, a summary of the transactions has to be drawn. The trial balance is prepared with a view to summarize all the financial transactions of the business. 4. To Provide the Basis for Preparing Final Accounts Final accounts are prepared to show profit and loss and the financial position of the business at the end of an accounting period.These accounts are prepared by using the debit and credit of all ledger accounts. Therefore, since the trial balance is a statement of the debit and credit balances of the ledger accounts, it provides the basis for the preparation of the final accounts. Characteristics of Trial Balance 1. It is a list of balances of all Ledger accounts and Cash Book 2. It is not a part of the double entry system of book-keeping. It is only a working paper. 3. It can be prepared on any date 4. It verifies the arithmetical accuracy of posting of entries from the Journal to the Ledger. 5.

Is Winston Smith, the Main Character in George Orwell’s Book, “Julia 1984” a Hero?

What does one think of when the word mavin comes up? The definition of a hero is afflicted with the main(prenominal) character in a book, play, or movie, which is typically identified with good qualities. But what if that is non the case? What if our hero is a cowardly man with a varicose ulcer on his right ankle and is physically unfit?Meet Winston Smith, the main character in George Orwells book, 1984. Winston is a member of the satellite Party, and is under the ruling of the Inner Party, living under a mask that he is a loyal follower of elephantine companion as those who do not follow Big Brother are vaporized and are never to be seen again. No one has the courage to guerrilla as all the same thinking various thoughts can result an individual to be vaporized, with everyone being watched at every mowork forcet of the day. Winston feels frustrated by the Partys laws as he cannot stock- shut up think what he necessitates and soon leads to him graybackling.Winstons journe y shows that he fails to rebel against the party in the end. However, Winston is meant to be a hero as a hero is justified through his actions, rather than by his ending Winston shows characteristics of a hero through rebellious attitude to do what is right, his bravery to rebel against Oceanian law, and the perseverance to keep rebelling until the very end, as emphasized in the book 1984. In the very beginning of the book, Winston already shows characteristics of a hero as he commits acts of rebellion against the unfair laws of the Party. He frequents the Prole district and shops in ordinary shops buying many items from the past. In Oceania, the act of buying such items is against the law as Party members were supposed not to go into ordinary shops (Orwell 6).Winston slips through the district and buys a diary as At the time he was not certain of wanting it for any particular purpose. Orwell 6)The fact that Winston buys items from the Prole district frequently shows how he enjoys doing these rebellious acts since it allows him to go back to the past. Winston shows his rebellious attitude again as he repeatedly writes in large neat capitals DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER (Orwell 18).Winston cannot publicly revolt since Oceania is filled with telescreens to spying neighbours. There are even events such as the Two-Minutes Hate where citizens conform to propaganda. Winston rebels by his eyes as there was a space of a couple of seconds during which the expression of his eyes capacity conceivably have betrayed him. (Orwell 16) Winston is a rebellious man who revolts for freedom in a totalitarian society, showing how he justifies hisactions as a hero.After Winston staggers through thinking about whenever he should rebel further, he meets Julia soon afterwards and decides to rebel together. He no longer wonders if he should rebel, he rebels because it is the right topic to do to gain freedom. He officially starts his rebellion with Julia by making love to her even if it we re only once in his whole life. The sexual act, successfully performed, was rebellion. (Orwell 68). This shows how Winston is brave by even connecting with Julia, as it can end in both of them being vaporized in the end.Winston continues his act of bravery by engage a place where he and Julia can continue rebelling in private he rents out the way of life above the antique shop. Here, the both of them commit more than crimes that could entitle them to death. For example, Winston stops to talk with Mr. Charrington for a few minutes on his way upstairs.(Orwell 150) in a society in where trust is rare. Winston also comes to this room to talk about more acts of rebellion with Julia, and of course, they also continue to make love despite it being against the law.Winston attains the title of a true rebel when he searches for OBrien to join the Brotherhood, stating that We believe that there is some kind of conspiracy, some kind of secret organization working against the Party, and that you are involved in it. We want to join it and work for it.(Orwell 170) At this point, Winston realizes that there is no turning back as OBrien began asking his questions if he is to fully commit to being a part of the Brotherhood and Winston agrees, showing great bravery for committing thought crime and other acts of rebellion. His bravery for committing these courageous acts shows Winston in a heroic light, as he fights the Party with heavier crimes.Winston is dead set to persevere until the very end. His ultimate goal is to die hating them- with them referring to the Party and Big Brother. Winston does not deny that he would be caught The primary step had been a secret, involuntary thought, the second had been the opening of the diary. He had moved from thoughts to words, and now from words to actions. The last step was something that would happen in the Ministry of Love. (Orwell 159) However, he continues to rebel by enduring both physical and mental excruciation with question ers now were not ruffians in black uniforms but Party intellectuals, little rotund men with quick movements and flashing spectacles (Orwell 241).Soon, he faces OBrien torturing him through electric shocks so Winston can be converted into loving Big Brother,where Winston gloss over doubts the certainty of the Party. OBrien brings up that The earth is as old as we are, no older. How could it be older? Nothing exists except through human consciousness. (Orwell 265) Winston retorts back, verbalism But the rocks are full of the bones of extinct animals mammoths and mastodons and enormous reptiles which lived here long before man was ever heard of. (Orwell 265) Winston obeyed the Party, but he still hated the Party. enough to say I hate him (Orwell 282), posing a problem to the Party as one should accept the Party or Big Brother entirely.Being broken, Winston knew that he was in the wrong, but he preferred to be in the wrong. showing that he still has the drive to continue to fight for freedom, as he still wanted it badly. This causes him to go to Room 101- and he betrays Julia due to his fear of rats. It is easy to see that everyone ends up betraying what they love most, as the purpose of the torture is to replace anything you love most with Big Brother.His perseverance shows how Winston- despite failing- is a heroic character as he attempted to hate Big Brother until the very end. The cautionary tale of 1984 emphasizes Winston as a hero through his dedication to rebel as far as he could, his courage for taking action in rebellion, and showing the right attitude for what is right making him an excellent protagonist for a hero is defined through what one does, and not by what happens to the hero.Albeit the tragic ending, does Winstons failure to reach his goal denounce him from a hero status? In the end, the credibility of Winston being a hero is ultimately up to the reader as he can only be a hero if he fits the definition of a hero. The question is, what is a hero?

Controlling Trafficking in Women Essay

Trafficking of valet de chambre beings, especially women and children, has become a worldwide phenomenon that affects all countries c atomic number 18less(predicate) of economic status. It is an il intelligent commercial trade wherein human beings are coerced to turn over against their will and are subjected to abusive environments. These services include include prostitution, arranged marriage, begging, house servant servitude, and forced labor. No matter what the country is or what services they are supposed to render, virtually trafficked women are held against their wishes, abused, and make little or no money. The orbiculate Alliance Against Trafficking in Women defines trafficking as All acts involved in the recruitment or transportation of a woman, within or across national borders, for work or services, by means of violence or threat of violence, debt bondage, deception or former(a) coercion (Caldwell). It entails the use of various forms of coercion, fraud, intimidation , and brute force to experience labor and other services for little no benefit to the person being trafficked. gentle Trafficking is not a new practice. This global trafficking business that reaps broad profits for traffickers and their collaborators has been present since the start of civilization. What is new is the sophistication and complexity by which it is carried out. The shocking thing is how this type of trade actually flourishes in this time of enlightenment where the rights of human beings are given utmost importance. It is a violation of human rights whenever a human being is placed under any conditions against his/her will. This phenomenon of the contemporary time can be regarded as the modern day equivalent of slavery (Trafficking in human beings). It is of the utmost importance that this practice of subjecting people to slave-like conditions be regulate to a stop. Women form the majority of human trafficking victims and are the ones most at risk. They are especi ally vulnerable due to the lack of employment opportunities. Oftentimes, traffickers promise them right(a) jobs and better lives, but they only become prostitutes and sweatshop workers. Agents and brokers arrange their papers and transport, but when they reach their destinations, they discover the real genius of the work. The women often experience rape and other forms of violence and are enslaved in abusive conditions where a bid for freedom is nearly impossible, even lethal.Extent of the Problem Trafficking is a problem of global harmonise affecting virtually every country. According to the join Nations, human trafficking generates around 5-7 billion dollars each year (Raymond). It is currently one of the most lucrative types of world-wide crime, only next to arms trafficking and illegal drugs (International Labour Organization). But unlike arms and drug trafficking, the punishment for human trafficking is relatively light in most countries (Raymond). Determining the extent o f and getting the exact statistics on human trafficking has proven to be a daunting task due to the illegal and underground nature of the activity. Researchers render different estimates on the number of individuals being trafficked each year.A US Government report in 2004 estimates a figure of about 600,000-800,000 individuals trafficked each year across borders (Trafficking), the majority of which happening in South East Asia, Japan, Russia and Europe (Trafficking in human beings). The aforementioned figure does not include those who are trafficked internally (Trafficking), and the United Nations reports that up to 4 million people are transported worldwide each year (Raymond). Women make up around 80-90 percent of all human trafficking cases, and majority of them are sexually exploited either through sexual slavery or forced prostitution (Trafficking in human beings).Factors Influencing the Trafficking of Women Trafficking of women is a apace growing problem and several factor s have lead to its growth. In order for appropriate measures to take place, these factors should be identified and addressed. In order for the government to vitiate its development, a coordinated response from international and regional authorities that addresses the major factors and root causes of the problem should be enacted. In addition to this, prevention measures should be through such as information dissemination, empowerment, and education of women in order to avert possible victimization and re-victimization. One of the major factors influencing the trafficking of women is the lure of easy profit in prostitution and other forms of commercialized sex (United Nations Further Actions). Researchers and human rights advocates also point out that the deal for womens bodies from the male population drives trafficking patterns. The male deal for sexual prostitution, coupled by the increasing poverty, drives women into vulnerable situations that are exploited by sex trafficker s. For women, unequal labor opportunities, gender discrimination, and other restrictions and gender-based stereotypes have led them to seek employment opportunities in other countries. Other driving forces include discrimination against women restrictive migration laws a lack of information about the realities and dangers of trafficking and insufficient penalties against traffickers (Trafficking in human beings).Prostitution and Sex Trafficking Trafficking of women comes in three most common forms sex tourism, mail-order bride services, and prostitution (Raymond). The link between trafficking and prostitution is a clear one. The demand for commercialized sex is the biggest driving force behind the trafficking industry. It provides the economic incentive for traffickers to perpetrate the exploitation of women. For example, reports show that an increase in human traffic accompanies places where multitude troops and peacekeeping forces are stationed (CATW International). Prostituted i ndividuals have little or no protection from harm and violence due to their profession. Their bodies, being treated as commodities, are often subject to abuse and debasement. They also often suffer severe physical and mental problems due to injuries caused by such abuse (CATW International). The National security measures Presidential Directive on Combating Trafficking in Persons states that prostitution and related activities are inherently harmful and dehumanizing, identifying these activities as contributing to the phenomenon of trafficking, and opposing the regulation of prostitution as a legitimate form of work for any human being (qtd. in Raymond).Anti-Trafficking Legislation There is a need for comprehensive legislation and anti-trafficking laws that centers on the victims interests and issues. Several laws exist, such as the United Nations communications protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (also referred to as the U N Trafficking Protocol) which demands corroborating territories to take the field the spread of human trafficking by protecting and assisting victims of such trafficking and promoting cooperation among states in order to meet those objectives (United Nations Protocol). United resigns President Bush signed a Human Trafficking bill this January, renewing the Trafficking Victims Protection Act. This is the first federal official law for the punishment of traffickers and that especially addresses the issue of trafficking (Bush Signs). Also, at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995, the Beijing curriculum for Action addressed the trafficking of women in the context of abuse and violence against them (Trafficking in Women) rather than regarding them as criminals or illegal migrants. Many countries around the world are also currently doing modest initiatives to eliminate the human trafficking trade.Criminalization of Purchasing Women for Prostitution and Punishment for Traffickers One solution being proposed to decrease the traffickers incentive of transporting women is the legal prohibition of purchasing sexual services. This is rooted on the idea that prostitution (legalized or not) increases trafficking rates (CATW International). Men who purchase women for sex are major players in the supply-demand chain driving the trafficking industry. In order to decrease demand, those purchasing the service should be penalized (Bortel). This is but a logical extension to the premise that since illegal to provide such services (in many countries, the prostituted women are also punished by law), it must also be illegal to obtain them (Bortel). Another obstacle to the fight against trafficking is that the traffickers are rarely caught or punished, and if they are they are just penalized for the equivalent of a minor crime (Smith). In addition to this, many countries consider victims as illegal aliens, and are deported or penalized, while the traffickers get away scot-free. In the United States law practice, there is an attitude that trafficking in women qualifies as a lesser crime than trafficking drugs (Bortel). In this light, legislation that gives harsher penalties to traffickers must be enacted, including strengthening existing laws that protect the rights and interests of women.Works CitedBortel, Angela. Ending Trafficking in Women A Victim-Centered Approach to Legislation. Professionals for Cooperation. Jun. 2001. Moscow State University. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .Bush Signs Anti-Human Trafficking Bill. CBS News. 10 Jan. 2006. Associated Press. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .Caldwell, Gillion. Trafficking Women in the Former U.S.S.R. The Trafficking of NIS Women Abroad. Sept. 1997. International League of Human Rights. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .CATW International. Statement by CATW at the United Nations heraldic bearing on the Status of Women. Coalition Against Trafficking in Women. 5 Mar. 2003. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .International Labou r Organization. International Labour Office. A global alliance against forced labour. international Report under the Follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. Geneva 11 May 2006.Raymond, Janice G. The Ongoing Tragedy of International Slavery and Human Trafficking An Overview. Coalition Against Trafficking in Women. 29 Oct. 2003. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 Smith, Virginia. Trafficking women and children. Catholic New Times. 20 Mar. 2005. LookSmart, Ltd. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .Trafficking. Anti-Slavery Todays Fight for Tomorrows Freedom. Anti-Slavery International. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .Trafficking in human beings. Wikipedia. 11 Apr. 2006. Wikimedia Foundation. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .Trafficking in Women. Women Watch Information and Resources on Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women. 22 Nov. 17 Dec. 2004. United Nations. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .United Nations. Further actions and initiatives to implement the Beijing Declaration and Platf orm for Action, Women Watch Information and Resources on Gender Equality and Empowerment of Women. 16 Nov. 2000. United Nations. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children. UN Nations Crime and Justice Information Network. 15 Nov. 2005. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crimes. Accessed 19 Apr. 2006 .

Broken Windows Theory

What Impact has the Broken-windows Theory had on Policing? What about the Future? 02/18/2010 dubiety Response pg. 118 Broken-windows surmise is the thought that when low levels of crime and inconvenience and deviance ar non held in check, then more serious crime is in all likelihood to follow (Roberg, Novak, Cordner pg. 102). It was a speculation proposed by J. Q. Wilson and Kelling in 1982. The broken-windows theory has had an effect on policing in the past, and forget play a role in how policing is do in the future. First lets look at how the broken-windows theory has impacted policing in the past.Broken-windows theory suggested a way of thinking in the club. Citizens tangle safer when practice of law departments conducted more foot patrols in the neighborhood, and felt the practice of law were more aw atomic number 18 of the crime that occurred. As sequence progressed into the adaptation of the motorized patrol, some pile felt that the legal philosophy had lost tou ch with the biotic community and were non aware of the small underlying issues of the bigger crimes that occurred (pg. 66). Through the theory of broken-windows, a range in-tolerance style of policing was developed. any(prenominal) law departments, such as New York, implemented the zero tolerance style and claimed that it lowered their crime yards in the mid 1990s (pg. 103). The guard became more arrest oriented and focused on a more aggressive approach to crime control. They would increase their traffic citations, arrests, and increase their contacts with citizens. However, one of the issues with the zero tolerance style of policing is that it can cause some undue harm to citizens. By being to aggressive, it guides officers to become more suspicious of some people change surface though they may non deserve it, and can to lead to false arrests or abuse (pg. 04). In finis, the broken-windows theory has created the zero tolerance style of policing, and has lead some citizens to believe that the practice of law are non in touch with their neighborhood due to the lack of foot patrol. As cities continue to grow and expand, close police departments testament not own the resources to devote some offices to foot patrol, while having others in vehicles to respond to other calls for service in other areas. thus under the broken-windows theory, departments will drive to address the issue of the community not aromaing safe without foot patrols.Also, understanding that if pocket commensu ordinate crime is not addressed, the potency for larger crime may follow this will lead departments to find new strategies to address these issues. Departments will look to cut back with the community (community policing) in an drift to resolve the issues without delay (zero tolerance). Broken-windows theory has affected the way police departments operate since it was developed, and provided through new and creative strategies can it be correctly implemented. annexe Roberg, R. , Novak, K. , & Cordner, G. (2009). Police & society. Oxford, New York Oxford University Press.Broken Windows TheoryThe notion that serious crime is stemmed from minor deranges and idolize of crime was a well-developed hypothesis in the mid-eighties by pack Q. Wilson and George Kelling (Hinkle & Weisburd, 2006). Wilson and Kelling (1982) had coined this theory as broken windows. Broken windows theory states that disorder in a society causes the residents of the society to develop cultism (Hinkle & Weisburd, 2008). The authors go on to state that fear is the fueling source behind delinquent behavior, which resulted in higher rates of serious crimes (2008).The main concept of this theory illustrated that if police were to target and eliminate minor disorders through community policing, it would have an overall impact on the decrement of crime rates (Gau & Pratt, 2008). Broken windows theory was not presumeed by all, in fact it sparked a great deal of controversy (W ilson & Kelling, 1982). The opposing views of broken windows theory argued that it was too weak because of the lack so empirical evidence proving the correlation between implementation of broken windows policing methods and decrease in crime (Harcourt, 1998).The purpose of this essay was to compare and contrast the two contrastive perspectives on the broken windows theory. This paper shall in like manner conclude whether the broken windows theory can be successfully used within a community policing model. In my opinion the broken windows theory had enough substantial ground practise bowed that it was successfully used within community policing. To begin, according to Clyde Cronkhite (2004) the theory was true. Cronkhite connects disorder and crime as part of a developmental sequence (2008, p. 46). The main concept that Kelling and Wilson stated, was that if small minor disorders such as littering, public drinking, graffiti etc. were tolerated in a society than it would spiral ou t creating more serious crimes (Cronkhite, 2004). Cronkhite (2004) gave apprehensioning behind their theory stating that serious crimes stem from criminals assuming that once thither was companion cap satisfactory-bodied sufferance of minor delinquent behaviors, the community became vulnerable and were less likely to act against such behaviors. Broken windows entails a process whereby unchecked visible disorder signals to residents that community lacks kindly control. This assumption is that the law-abiding citizens and the criminal alike are attuned to this signal (Gau & Pratt, 2008, p. 164). Gau and Pratt (2008) gave an explanation as to why criminals tend to flood the streets when minor disorders are chip in in society. The authors resolveed that it is because the general public sought shelter or safety off of the streets which in turn allowed criminals to occupy the area (Wilson & Kelling, as cited in Gau & Pratt, 2008).From personal experience in third year of University I attended a midnight street walk of downtown Toronto, which allowed me to draw on the same final stages as Gua and Pratt. During the street walk it was clear that certain geographical areas provided an outlet for further crime to exist establish on tender senses, such as powerful Park. Also, base on physical evidence that remained on George St in front of Seaton House involveles on the floor, graffiti on the walls and empty alcohol bottles not just now concluded that this area was a favorable environment for crime, tho that indeed some form of illegal acts had occurred.Furthermore, Gua and Pratt (2010) discussed how the perceptions of disorder in a community instilled fear into its members and how fear created kind disengagement from the community. The broken windows perspective outlined the cognitive thought behind what individuals viewed as disorders (Cronkhite, 2004). In other words, disorder was always in the eye of the beholder, which in this case was the community. T he way the community interpreted the delinquent behavior for example littering, determined whether the community was going to reject or rent it into their societal values.Based on the communitys decision we must consider an outsiders perspective on such behavior as well. crowd together McCabe (2008) goes on to talk about how it was not the physical aspect of the act (litter in itself) yet preferably the symbolism it created that lead to increase in crime. McCabe as well as stated that if individuals saw littering as a threat to social order, this threat would no longer be overlooked or considered unimportant, instead littering would be viewed as a key catalyst to a chain of negligent behavior (2008).Fear was a result of the negligent behavior, fear also generated attachment to the visible characteristics of delinquency, dowry outsiders derive a negative stigma about a community (J. Irwin, personal communication, Oct 3rd, 2012). Tepperman and Curtis (2011), provided an explanat ion as to why crime occurs based on the social functionalist approach coined by Emile Durkheim in order to have a well-functioning society it requires values, cohesion and social control (p. 19).This theory was based on the principal that social problems are socially created (Tepperman and Curtis, 2011), the social functionalist approach supported the original work on the broken windows theory, which stated that minor disorders are classified and looked at based on individual perception (source). Structural functionalist approach established that problems in a society originate from the observation of others consequences (Tepperman and Curtis, 2011). In this particular case the consequences of the minor delinquent acts created greater chaos.To combat the growth in crime rates in any geographical area, broken windows philosophy entails addressing the minor problems in a community before they create conditions that welcome and/or permit more serious offences (McCabe, 2008, p. 291). Mc Cabe (2008) also theorized that if you were to control the disorder you could then control the crime. The outcome this theory had on police response was that it created the order concern policing strategy (Cronkhite, 2004). This was the gateway introduction to community based policing.Broken windows theory demanded that there be community battle (McCabe, 2008). The positive correlation between community policing and decrease of crime rates, was not necessarily in the affects the police have on the disorder itself, but preferably the sense of order being restored into the community through hands on approach (Sampson & Raudenbush, 2004). When the community saw active policing, and a restored sense of community, people began to timbre safer within society and were more inclined to help with community restoration initiatives (McCabe, 2008).The order livelihood strategy operated based on a community policing model, which is know as The Ontario Association of Chief of Police (OACP) Model (G. Hanna, personal communication, Sept 26th 2012). Wilson and Kellings theory was based on the social science sample of Phillip Zimbardo, who had studied the snowballing effect on vandalism at the Stanford University Campus parking lot New York City in 1969, once a vacant car was go away unattended to (McCabe, 2008).Kelling and Wilson (1982), indicated that disorder and crime have a strong positive correlation based on the yielded results from Zimbardos experiment. The first to implement the order alimony approach was the New York Transit Authority (NYTA) (Corman & Mocan, 2005). The NYTA tackled the Subway vandalism problem head on, they eliminated graffiti, and arrested those who tried to cheat the subway fare system (Corman & Mocan, 2005). Bratton the main drawing card in organizing the initiative, stated that the theory was accurate (Corman & Mocan, 2005). Bratton went on to explain that there was a dramatic drop in rime rates committed in the subways following this app roach, thus backing up the broken windows theory (date). After realizing the positive results of aggressive order nutriment strategy, the broken windows theory was then ascribe to the test by the NYPD (Corman & Mocan, 2005). The NYPD were also only reaping the benefits from this decision. Deploying this strategy had an impact on the offenders belief that the risk of apprehension was high, thus the NYPD sent a clear message to the community that law and order prevail over petty and serious crimes (Sampson & Cohen, 1988).Immediately after the implementation of order maintenance, NYPD saw significantly fall numbers in serious crimes such as homicide, robbery and rape (Corman & Mocan, 2005), the city ended up reaching its all- clip low. Kelling in his later work wrote, Both experience and substantial formal research demonstrated that disorder go away untended ultimately leads to serious crime Fighting disorder, by resolution the problems that cause it, is clearly one the best ways to fight serious crime, reduce fear, and give citizens what they actually want from the police force. Kelling 1999, p. 29 as cited in Gau & Pratt, 2008, p. 167). Another Dutch researchers conducted an experiment that revealed how visible social disorder increased an individuals temptation to indulge in delinquent demeanor (Kaplan, 2008). A Dutch researcher, Keizer tested this theory by placing an envelope containing a 5 euro-note hanging from a mailbox when the mailbox was clean, 13 percent of passers-by steal the envelope. When the mailbox was surrounded by trash, the percentage jumped to 25 percent, and then 27 percent when it was covered by graffiti. (Kaplan, 2008, p. 1). It was evident that the presence of litter (minor disorder) increased the rate of crime double fold. This Netherland experiment bolstered the broken windows theory (Kaplan, 2008). On the contrary, these results fueled the debate of whether the broken windows theory was the driving force behind crime reduction i n the area. While researchers tried to determine the root causes to a particular crime, the macro-social approach shed light on crime originating from poverty, unemployment, racism, class conflict, etc. (McCabe, 2008, p. 92) Kennedy and Moore (1995) believed that the police did not have direct impact on these crime causing issues, therefore no direct impact on crime. Harcourt was the main author to dis piecee the broken windows theory. He scrutinized the theory as well as the data gathered by author Skogan, statingthat although there were several measures of serious crime (assault, knowledgeable assault, and burglary) available in Skogans research, he only disclosed the findings on crime correlated to robbery (Harcourt, 1998). This made Skogans work discreditable and biased.Another reason why broken windows was said to be invalid is due to peoples perceptions on the relationship between crime and disorder whether or not they are separate entities (Corman & Mocan, 2005). If disord er and crime seem to be variant in the eyes of neighborhood residents, then order maintenance policing may have a fighting chance at crime reduction. If however, the two phenomena merge into one in the minds of those residents, then broken windows theory and its accompanying order maintenance policing strategies will collect to be rethought. (Gau & Pratt, 2008, p. 170). Furthermore, the main concept of broken windows theory was attacked. The idea that if disorder is not found frightening, citizens remain on the streets, therefore streets are not being opened to criminals, thus criminal deportment would not take place (Hinkle & Weisburd, 2006). Interestingly, the studies conducted against the theory have not given much attention to the relationship between disorder and fear, which was surprising given its importance in the model. (Hinkle & Weisburd, 2006).Studies based on broken windows are too inconsistent to be able to draw a definite line as to whether or not the theory was a ccurate and the possibility of integration into community policing. Researchers have stated that there are statistically better predictions of crime such as community stability and bodied efficacy of the neighborhood, therefore police should not focus their time into fixing the broken windows theory but rather dedicate their time to other predictors (Weisburd & Braga, 2007).Consequently, if police were to dedicate their time on the other factors rather than on minor disorders there would be less objectivity in regards to police booking (Weisburd & Braga, 2007). The authors point out that although all individuals would be in favour of embodied efficacy, it was hard to address and improve upon (2007). Making it easier said than done. These other statistical predictors of crime were rational and helpful in regards determining all possible causes of crime, but they were far too ambiguous of concepts to be solved through practice (Weisburd & Braga, 2007).Thus broken windows theory was a practical option, it was applicable to any community and it was able to be implemented quickly. According to the OACP Model order maintenance policing would be considered as part of the community mobilization and crime prevention sector. This sector allows the police to take charge and impact minor disorders preventing future crime while encouraging community members to get involved, thus transitioning toward safer communities and to the ultimate goal of low need for police assistance (G. Hanna, personal communication, Sept 11th, 2012).In conclusion, the macro-social approaches, lack therefore empirical evidence, relationship between fear and disorder as well as perceptions on social disorders were the critiques made against the broken windows theory. Despite these critiques, the theory proved to be true through real life application. Therefore I draw to the conclusion that it was and continues to be successfully incorporated into the current policing model. If police services in Ontario dedicate more time to target the social disorders visible in our communities, they will help build positive relations in the community.By restoring order in our communities we are another step closer to eradicating serious crimes (Wilson & Kelling, 1982). References Corman, H. , & Mocan, N. (2005, April). Carrots, sticks, and broken windows. Journal of right and Economics, 48(1), 235-266. doi10. 1086/425594 Cronkhite, C. (2004, March 1). Illusions of order The false promise of broken windows policing (Book). Criminal Justice Review (Georgia State University), 29(1), 245-248. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http//web. ebscohost. com. subzero. lib. uoguelph. ca/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? id=50642dd3-c8cc-4a96-aa51-1baee6674c01%40sessionmgr114&vid=1&hid=107 Gau, J. M. , & Pratt, T. C. (2008, May 1). Broken windows or window dressing? Citizens (in)ability to tell the difference between disorder and crime. Criminology & Public Policy , 7(2), 163-194. doi10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2 008. 00500. x Gau, J. M. , & Pratt, T. C. (2010, August). Revisiting broken windows theory Examining the sources of the discriminant validity of perceived disorder and crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 758-766. Retrieved October 1, 2012, fromBroken Windows TheoryThe notion that serious crime is stemmed from minor disorders and fear of crime was a well-developed hypothesis in the mid-eighties by James Q. Wilson and George Kelling (Hinkle & Weisburd, 2006). Wilson and Kelling (1982) had coined this theory as broken windows. Broken windows theory states that disorder in a society causes the residents of the society to develop fear (Hinkle & Weisburd, 2008). The authors go on to state that fear is the fueling source behind delinquent behavior, which resulted in higher rates of serious crimes (2008).The main concept of this theory illustrated that if police were to target and eliminate minor disorders through community policing, it would have an overall impact on the reduction of crime rates (Gau & Pratt, 2008). Broken windows theory was not accepted by all, in fact it sparked a great deal of controversy (Wilson & Kelling, 1982). The opposing views of broken windows theory argued that it was too weak because of the lack thereof empirical evidence proving the correlation between implementation of broken windows policing methods and decrease in crime (Harcourt, 1998).The purpose of this essay was to compare and contrast the two different perspectives on the broken windows theory. This paper shall also conclude whether the broken windows theory can be successfully used within a community policing model. In my opinion the broken windows theory had enough substantial groundwork presented that it was successfully used within community policing. To begin, according to Clyde Cronkhite (2004) the theory was true. Cronkhite connects disorder and crime as part of a developmental sequence (2008, p. 46). The main concept that Kelling and Wilson stated, was that if sma ll minor disorders such as littering, public drinking, graffiti etc. were tolerated in a society than it would spiral out creating more serious crimes (Cronkhite, 2004). Cronkhite (2004) gave reasoning behind their theory stating that serious crimes stem from criminals assuming that once there was social credence of minor delinquent behaviors, the community became vulnerable and were less likely to act against such behaviors. Broken windows entails a process whereby unchecked visible disorder signals to residents that community lacks social control. This assumption is that the law-abiding citizens and the criminal alike are attuned to this signal (Gau & Pratt, 2008, p. 164). Gau and Pratt (2008) gave an explanation as to why criminals tend to flood the streets when minor disorders are present in society. The authors reasoned that it is because the general public sought shelter or safety off of the streets which in turn allowed criminals to occupy the area (Wilson & Kelling, as cite d in Gau & Pratt, 2008).From personal experience in third year of University I attended a midnight street walk of downtown Toronto, which allowed me to draw on the same conclusions as Gua and Pratt. During the street walk it was clear that certain geographical areas provided an outlet for further crime to exist based on social senses, such as powerful Park. Also, based on physical evidence that remained on George St in front of Seaton House needles on the floor, graffiti on the walls and empty alcohol bottles not only concluded that this area was a favorable environment for crime, but that indeed some form of illegal acts had occurred.Furthermore, Gua and Pratt (2010) discussed how the perceptions of disorder in a community instilled fear into its members and how fear created social disengagement from the community. The broken windows perspective outlined the cognitive thought behind what individuals viewed as disorders (Cronkhite, 2004). In other words, disorder was always in the eye of the beholder, which in this case was the community. The way the community interpreted the delinquent behavior for example littering, determined whether the community was going to reject or accept it into their societal values.Based on the communitys decision we must consider an outsiders perspective on such behavior as well. James McCabe (2008) goes on to talk about how it was not the physical aspect of the act (litter in itself) but rather the symbolism it created that lead to increase in crime. McCabe also stated that if individuals saw littering as a threat to social order, this threat would no longer be overlooked or considered unimportant, instead littering would be viewed as a key catalyst to a chain of negligent behavior (2008).Fear was a result of the negligent behavior, fear also generated attachment to the visible characteristics of delinquency, aid outsiders derive a negative stigma about a community (J. Irwin, personal communication, Oct 3rd, 2012). Tepperman and Curtis (2011), provided an explanation as to why crime occurs based on the social functionalist approach coined by Emile Durkheim in order to have a well-functioning society it requires values, cohesion and social control (p. 19).This theory was based on the principal that social problems are socially created (Tepperman and Curtis, 2011), the social functionalist approach supported the original work on the broken windows theory, which stated that minor disorders are classified and looked at based on individual perception (source). Structural functionalist approach established that problems in a society originate from the observation of others consequences (Tepperman and Curtis, 2011). In this particular case the consequences of the minor delinquent acts created greater chaos.To combat the growth in crime rates in any geographical area, broken windows philosophy entails addressing the minor problems in a community before they create conditions that welcome and/or permit more serious offences (McCabe, 2008, p. 291). McCabe (2008) also theorized that if you were to control the disorder you could then control the crime. The outcome this theory had on police response was that it created the order maintenance policing strategy (Cronkhite, 2004). This was the gateway introduction to community based policing.Broken windows theory demanded that there be community involvement (McCabe, 2008). The positive correlation between community policing and reduction of crime rates, was not necessarily in the affects the police have on the disorder itself, but rather the sense of order being restored into the community through hands on approach (Sampson & Raudenbush, 2004). When the community saw active policing, and a restored sense of community, people began to feel safer within society and were more inclined to help with community restoration initiatives (McCabe, 2008).The order maintenance strategy operated based on a community policing model, which is know as The Ontario Ass ociation of Chief of Police (OACP) Model (G. Hanna, personal communication, Sept 26th 2012). Wilson and Kellings theory was based on the social science experiment of Phillip Zimbardo, who had studied the snowballing effect on vandalism at the Stanford University Campus parking lot New York City in 1969, once a vacant car was left unattended to (McCabe, 2008).Kelling and Wilson (1982), indicated that disorder and crime have a strong positive correlation based on the yielded results from Zimbardos experiment. The first to implement the order maintenance approach was the New York Transit Authority (NYTA) (Corman & Mocan, 2005). The NYTA tackled the Subway vandalism problem head on, they eliminated graffiti, and arrested those who tried to cheat the subway fare system (Corman & Mocan, 2005). Bratton the main leader in organizing the initiative, stated that the theory was accurate (Corman & Mocan, 2005). Bratton went on to explain that there was a dramatic drop in rime rates committed i n the subways following this approach, thus backing up the broken windows theory (date). After realizing the positive results of aggressive order maintenance strategy, the broken windows theory was then put to the test by the NYPD (Corman & Mocan, 2005). The NYPD were also only reaping the benefits from this decision. Deploying this strategy had an impact on the offenders belief that the risk of apprehension was high, thus the NYPD sent a clear message to the community that law and order prevail over petty and serious crimes (Sampson & Cohen, 1988).Immediately after the implementation of order maintenance, NYPD saw significantly diminish numbers in serious crimes such as homicide, robbery and rape (Corman & Mocan, 2005), the city ended up reaching its all-time low. Kelling in his later work wrote, Both experience and substantial formal research demonstrated that disorder left untended ultimately leads to serious crime Fighting disorder, by closure the problems that cause it, is cl early one the best ways to fight serious crime, reduce fear, and give citizens what they actually want from the police force. Kelling 1999, p. 29 as cited in Gau & Pratt, 2008, p. 167). Another Dutch researchers conducted an experiment that revealed how visible social disorder increased an individuals temptation to indulge in delinquent behaviour (Kaplan, 2008). A Dutch researcher, Keizer tested this theory by placing an envelope containing a 5 euro-note hanging from a mailbox when the mailbox was clean, 13 percent of passers-by steal the envelope. When the mailbox was surrounded by trash, the percentage jumped to 25 percent, and then 27 percent when it was covered by graffiti. (Kaplan, 2008, p. 1). It was evident that the presence of litter (minor disorder) increased the rate of crime double fold. This Netherland experiment bolstered the broken windows theory (Kaplan, 2008). On the contrary, these results fueled the debate of whether the broken windows theory was the driving force behind crime reduction in the area. While researchers tried to determine the root causes to a particular crime, the macro-social approach shed light on crime originating from poverty, unemployment, racism, class conflict, etc. (McCabe, 2008, p. 92) Kennedy and Moore (1995) believed that the police did not have direct impact on these crime causing issues, therefore no direct impact on crime. Harcourt was the main author to challenge the broken windows theory. He scrutinized the theory as well as the data gathered by author Skogan, statingthat although there were several measures of serious crime (assault, familiar assault, and burglary) available in Skogans research, he only disclosed the findings on crime correlated to robbery (Harcourt, 1998). This made Skogans work discreditable and biased.Another reason why broken windows was said to be invalid is due to peoples perceptions on the relationship between crime and disorder whether or not they are separate entities (Corman & Mocan , 2005). If disorder and crime seem to be different in the eyes of neighborhood residents, then order maintenance policing may have a fighting chance at crime reduction. If however, the two phenomena merge into one in the minds of those residents, then broken windows theory and its accompanying order maintenance policing strategies will need to be rethought. (Gau & Pratt, 2008, p. 170). Furthermore, the main concept of broken windows theory was attacked. The idea that if disorder is not found frightening, citizens remain on the streets, therefore streets are not being opened to criminals, thus criminal behaviour would not take place (Hinkle & Weisburd, 2006). Interestingly, the studies conducted against the theory have not given much attention to the relationship between disorder and fear, which was surprising given its importance in the model. (Hinkle & Weisburd, 2006).Studies based on broken windows are too inconsistent to be able to draw a definite line as to whether or not the t heory was accurate and the possibility of integration into community policing. Researchers have stated that there are statistically better predictions of crime such as community stability and collective efficacy of the neighborhood, therefore police should not focus their time into fixing the broken windows theory but rather dedicate their time to other predictors (Weisburd & Braga, 2007).Consequently, if police were to dedicate their time on the other factors rather than on minor disorders there would be less objectivity in regards to police involvement (Weisburd & Braga, 2007). The authors point out that although all individuals would be in favour of collective efficacy, it was hard to address and improve upon (2007). Making it easier said than done. These other statistical predictors of crime were rational and helpful in regards determining all possible causes of crime, but they were far too ambiguous of concepts to be solved through practice (Weisburd & Braga, 2007).Thus broken windows theory was a practical option, it was applicable to any community and it was able to be implemented quickly. According to the OACP Model order maintenance policing would be considered as part of the community mobilization and crime prevention sector. This sector allows the police to take charge and impact minor disorders preventing future crime while encouraging community members to get involved, thus transitioning toward safer communities and to the ultimate goal of low need for police assistance (G. Hanna, personal communication, Sept 11th, 2012).In conclusion, the macro-social approaches, lack thereof empirical evidence, relationship between fear and disorder as well as perceptions on social disorders were the critiques made against the broken windows theory. Despite these critiques, the theory proved to be true through real life application. Therefore I draw to the conclusion that it was and continues to be successfully incorporated into the current policing model. If po lice services in Ontario dedicate more time to target the social disorders visible in our communities, they will help build positive relations in the community.By restoring order in our communities we are another step closer to eradicating serious crimes (Wilson & Kelling, 1982). References Corman, H. , & Mocan, N. (2005, April). Carrots, sticks, and broken windows. Journal of righteousness and Economics, 48(1), 235-266. doi10. 1086/425594 Cronkhite, C. (2004, March 1). Illusions of order The false promise of broken windows policing (Book). Criminal Justice Review (Georgia State University), 29(1), 245-248. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from http//web. ebscohost. com. subzero. lib. uoguelph. ca/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? id=50642dd3-c8cc-4a96-aa51-1baee6674c01%40sessionmgr114&vid=1&hid=107 Gau, J. M. , & Pratt, T. C. (2008, May 1). Broken windows or window dressing? Citizens (in)ability to tell the difference between disorder and crime. Criminology & Public Policy , 7(2), 163-194. doi 10. 1111/j. 1745-9133. 2008. 00500. x Gau, J. M. , & Pratt, T. C. (2010, August). Revisiting broken windows theory Examining the sources of the discriminant validity of perceived disorder and crime. Journal of Criminal Justice, 38(4), 758-766. Retrieved October 1, 2012, from

Discussion Questions About Nursing Essay

What nursing supposition or theorist is utilise in your buttocks of employment, or which one should be used? Why? What is the link between concepts and theories? How are theories tested?What is the expiration between possibility-guided perform and evidence-based practice? What nursing theory or theorist is used in your place of employment, or which one should be used? Why? What nursing theory or theorist is used in your place of employment, or which one should be used? Why?What is the link between concepts and theories?How are theories tested?What is the difference between theory-guided practice and evidence-based practice? 6. How are theories tested?General Questions General General QuestionsIn chapter 1, specific explanations are given of the terms disability and handicap. Create a scenario of a student with a disability and discuss at least three handicaps that could be needlessly imposed on this student. Include discussion of what the special didactics services team should do to eliminate those handicaps.If you plan to move to a different state, or if you are vent to live on the campus, think slightly whether you really need to bring your car. It may be difficult to find a place to park, especially in crowded cities. In addition, you may oppose to pay for the registration, insurance, and high gas prices. This is definitely true if you do not work.The work NUR 513 Week 3 Discussion Questions includes solutions on the following questionsWhat nursing theory or theorist is used in your place of employment, or which one should be used? Why? What is the link between concepts andtheories? How are theories tested?What is the difference between theory-guided practice and evidence-based practice? WhaClick this link Now for Complete Course https//bitly.com/1xpug6mIf you plan to move to a different state, or if you are going to live on the campus, think about whether you really need to bring your car. It may be difficult to find a place to park, especially i n crowded cities. In addition, you may struggle to pay for the registration, insurance, and high gas prices. This is definitely true if you do not work. General Questions General General QuestionsIn chapter 1, specific explanations are given of the terms disability and handicap. Create a scenario of a student with a disability and discuss at least three handicaps that could be needlessly imposed on this student. Include discussion of what the special education services team should do to eliminate those handicaps.

An Inconvient Truth

Teachers PreparatoryTichina Class 10R2/19/13 awkward Truth is a descriptive title because it explains the inconvenience towards our globular warming problem and puts the truth towards our planets subdued destruction. What makes this a good title is because the truth that Al Gore explains to the viewers is current. He explains the relationship in the midst of all the weather changes and global warming and how it is affecting the natural world environment. The inconvenience part explains how discomforted it is towards our planet, wad and nature.To explain the basics of global warming I can start off with saying that global warming is mainly caused due to the greenhouse gas pollution. Out in space the sun sends inflame waves towards earth which makes earth livable. So when the sun rays argon sent down some are supposed(a) to be sent back to the sun creating a mini cycle. But outside of the earth at that place is an atmosphere of greenhouse gases surrounding the earth. Now tha t there are more factories more greenhouse gases are being sent up to the atmosphere making the layer of gas thicker.That is causing the sun rays to be trapped in the earth making the temperature rise. What makes the truth of our global warming problem inconvenient is that temperature rises are affecting the animals. In Al Gores movie he explains to you that cold environment deal glaciers North Pole, South Pole and Artic are melting retardly. Polar bears and other cold environment species are losing their homes. In his movie he shows you how some glaciers from 1990 till now are fully melted and round to land or how they are slowly becoming heated.In my case everyone should know that its bad and it exit only become worse. Another way is how the water temperature is starting to rise. If any hurricanes or water storms were to be created it would be double the effect because as also stated in Al Gores video whenever you exact a high water temperature it will increase the wind veloc ity in any storm making it bigger in size. With that said we can move on to diseases that are another way the truth of global warming is inconvenient.Diseases are a strong life taker and have a long history behind it. The way global warming comes in is that we had some unidentified heat waves that occurred and caused illness towards people. In 2012 we broke the record for the hottest heat wave. It affected many people through and through sickness and other different ways. In a previous article I read in class they said that in 2003 a deadly heat wave swept across atomic number 63 killing an estimated amount of 35,00 people. Heat waves like that could amp up heat-related illness.In conclusion, as you can see awkward Truth is a descriptive title because it explains the inconvenience towards our global warming problem and puts the truth towards our planets slow destruction. Global Warming is a serious incident and should be taken care of early earlier it amplifies in the future. Wit h that said I hope I gave you a descriptive, explained response of how Inconvenient Truth is a good title. What global warming is and how the truth of global warming is inconvenient.

Internal Assessment

The Social Effects of Absentee Fathers on Boys in Inner- urban center Communities Fatherliness Is an albatross around the neck of this nation, welling us down and choking development, is a statement Martin Henry, a national journalist, salutes in his article on May 26, 2013 in the Jamaica Gleaner. Inner city communities are plagued with single-parent families and oftentimes it is the father which is absent. Mothers stooge do much and no more and boys who come from these scurvy homes oftentimes become a product of their fellowship and a pattern develops.The issue of absentee fathers has become a social problem In the development of the family (the first Institution of colonization). The community, specifically the Inner-clues, and the society in general. Whether we recollect it or not, fathers bring something unique to the family and for this reason, an irreplaceable connection and contribution is made to the life of a child. These contributions commode never be replaced by any p rogram of any kind. The absence off father can cause a child to suffer emotionally and socially.Psychology has taught that issues such as this are correlation a allegations may exist. According to Jennifer Floods article, A review of literature relevant to delinquency and adolescent behavioral and academician success revealed that there may be correlation between a antheral role fabric and the teaching of self- control and socially appropriate behaviors. Koru, a renowned psychologist sums this up in just virtuoso sentence, Fatherliness is a driver for delinquency and crime.In situations where there is no male figure to number up to or aspire to be care, boys turn to media personalities Like rappers, artistes and sport personae, ones who have animal backdrop and upbringing as they do. However, these figures are not necessarily positive role models as they display signs of assertion and resentment towards authority. Furthermore, they do not see this as socially unacceptable bec ause they aspire to be like them and so whatever that person does is seen as right in their eyes. They acclimatize to that kind of behavior and carry them come come out of the closet in their daily activities. Aid a mi daddy and Mi a Spartan have words are common phrases used by the fatherless boys In the community of Granville, SST. James. This affects how hey relate to one another, elders and society on a whole. A statistical analysis shows that fatherless children who normally possess this kind of mental capacity are 20 times more plausibly to end up in prison 20 times more likely to have behavioral disorders 14 times more likely to rely rape 9 times more likely to drop out of high school 10 times more likely to abuse drugs and the list goes on.What glorious future for our boys This natural disaster move away our country continues as boys with absentee fathers suffer from lack of affection and support because there Is no male Geiger to love and support them, specifically w hen It comes on to those physical activities such as sports and manual labor. They pretend as though this doesnt affect them as it demeans their manhood to show their true feelings.They use different mediums to bring out the anger they feel inside which may, unfortunately, resort to a life of crime and violence. Mothers of these children have to now cheek the reality that they have now become a menace to society. This lack of affection can withal no idea of how to express and show love and so find it difficult to commit to a allegations. They have children outside marriage or any stable relationship, hence, continuing the tradition and the cycle of being an absentee father.Edward Koru, writing about father absence, father deficit and father hunger in Psychology today underlines the behavioral problems, Fatherless children have more difficulties with social adjustments, and are more likely to report problems with friendships, and prove behavior problems many develop a swaggering , intimidating persona in an attempt to disguise their inherent fears, resentments, anxieties and unhappiness. Gangs and violence and the adoration of the gun as power spring out of this condition. The litany of disaster now becomes a norm which affects us all as citizens of this country. The absence of a father in the family places a loaded down(p) weight on the sire of this child. His basic needs may not be met because a mother in those type of communities normally dont possess a high income Job which earns enough money to communicate the needs of the child and so the child grows up into a teenager with the mindset meek a living and will do anything to be successful at this. This springs over to boys being more likely to experience unemployment, having low salary Jobs and even experience homelessness.I strongly believe that we are confronted with a study social disaster. The decline of fatherhood is a major force behind many of our biggest problems low educational performance, crime, violence, poor social relations and weak economic performance. Clearly, the only way to fix this problem is to cypher this issue of fatherliness in our homes.

History of the Miraculous Apparition of the Virgin of Guadalupe

i myth of the Miraculous apparition of the utter(a) of Guadalupe In the year 1531, early in the month of December a miracle happened in Tepeyacac, it was utter that the miracle illustrious Virgin, Blessed Mary, Mother of God, Our Lady, appeared to a man learnd Juan Diego. He was a humiliated Indian who lived in Quahutitlan save was from Tlatilolco. The delegacy the author narrates the beginning of the blow out of the watering is genuinely goodish. He uses a very guileless tone that makes the story look real and re onlyy respectful attitude. The author has a sincere instruction of utter the story.He knows how to engage separately stab with another one and the setting he makes makes this story so real that the readers get involved genuinely easily on this story. Many readers become part of the story by their imagination and this is a wonderful gift someone can deal because being adapted to feel the story like part of your real life is not easy. He keeps on narra teing the story and this part is gorgeous. He describes the land and it seems that it looks like wonderland. It is so marvelous and this place is where Juan is passing game through.It was a Saturday morning when he was on his dash to divine worship based on his custom, when he starts auditory modality birds singing. The way these birds sing was so beautiful that he thought he was dreaming. He was so place slightly what was misfortune to him. He makes an exact description of all in all the setting of this story imagine every single thing that he was axiom. It was stunning. He mentions that she was shining as the sun and that all around her was so bright, all of these are the things that really matters in a story, all the emphasis he puts on it makes it really reliable.I really enjoy this part because I feel like if I was in the story, like if I was looking at the flowers and the sun. all told the sounds of the birds and the wind were really fantastic and help to imagine how was the land where he was because he counterbalance explains that the sounds were coming from the top of the heap, he was greatly rejoiced with all these beautiful sounds that make a wonderful song, suddenly he heard a sweet voice saying Juan, he was so scared and confuse because he was hearing a lot of different noises and even so this voice mentions his name so he did not dare to climb to the mountain.He was hardly standing looking to the top where he was hearing all these things. He finally decided to climb the hill. He treasured to know who was vocation him and why or for what. When he reached the hill he saw on the very top of the hill a beautiful noblewoman. All around her was shining like the sun, there were stones, caves everything was so bright and even the rainbow clothed the land so that the cactus and all other plants that grew there seem like precious gold, Juan Diego was really excited about it, but at the akin time he was wondering why that lady did was calling him.As it is mentioned before the author does a really good narrative of this story by describing all the word pictures with a wonderful setting. When he finally got to the top of the hill and talked to this wonderful lady. He was surprised about her and the things that she was telling to him because she talked to him like she loved him. This is one of the parts that should recall because in here the author has a tone he is using is like nostalgia but at the same time he tries to describe how the new was public lecture to Juan like when a mother talks to her son or daughter.This entire scene was nice, as the author mention Juan felt that this lady loved him, and sure she did because she even says You must know, and be very certain in your heart, my son, that I am truly the eternal Virgin, holy Mother of the unbowed God. With this quote we can see how the author tries to sensitize the reader to get the idea that she really loves him and that she is a good person. The author want s us to know how the pure(a) was a really nice lady. then they finally started talking and the perfect(a) told Juan what she precious from him, what she expected him to do, and what she wanted was a church on that hill, merely where she was.She wanted a church in where she could show and may make known and give all her love, her mercy, help and protection. She said she was his and everybody else truth his merciful mother who call upon her. In this scene she is explaining Juan why she wanted a church. He tells him to go to the Episcopal Palace of the Bishop of Mexico and tell them what he just saw and what she just told him. She really desired a church in that place so she command Juan Diego to go and tell them to build her one.He need it to have a lot of confidence on himself in order to incite everybody in the rook of what he was saying, or at least to convince the Bishop. I think that the teller is really involved in the story but not as a character. The author uses a reall y good setting because he even portrays real life events and that is what it makes the readers to be involved and raise on the instruction. His religion is catholic because of the way he talks about what the arrant(a) want it and what is she exit to do with the church.She wants to be built there he is very reliable and even thought he is just the narrator he is doing a good job on transmitting all what the virgin says along the story. The Virgin of Guadalupe is a very famous character on the catholic religion and this is a really important fact that helps the author because he is not using non-fictional characters instead he is talking about a really known image. She is known as a nice lady, as a sweet lady who helps everyone and who does miraculous and that you can pray her for something and she lead conceive almost whatever you want.This is what it makes the story reliable and interesting. Juan Diego went to the palace to talk to the Bishop. He was kind of afraid because he w as just a humble Indian and he knew that the Bishop would probably not believe him about what he was going to say, but even though he went there and after so much trouble he went through in order to talk to the Bishop at the end he did and tell him all that he had saw and heard. The Bishop was auditory modality at him carefully and respectfully but at the end the Bishop just tell him to come spinal column other day in where they can talk about it.Juan Diego left sadly and went to see the virgin and explain her everything that had happen on the palace. When the author talks about the way the people in the palace treated Juan he seems to be ironic, because he is saying that Juan was on his way to the palace so that the Bishop could comprehend to him and do what the virgin wanted to, but we all knew that this would not be able to happen at once, even the author knew that nobody go forth believe Juan about what he was about tell them. He does not lose his empathy and he tries to kee p the story on an interesting point so the readers do not lose track of the story.Juan Diego very sad went rump to see the virgin and this time the virgin tell him that he needed to go dressing to the palace and tell them once again what she wanted to. She told him to canvass to convince him, to turn up to use the same words that she was telling him so they can believe him. He hope the Bishop to believe him and he said to the virgin not to handle about it that he would relegate the way to convince him no matter what and he promise her he will come back with good news. In this paragraph the author has a nostalgic tone.He want the readers to be sensitive to what Juan was going through and all the things that he need it to do so they could believe him, but this is also a moral because this is showing us not to give up on whatever we want to do or to obtain if we keep on trying and no matter how many times you try. If you neer lose the hope you will obtain what you want, sooner or later but you will have it. Nothing is worthless, if you do it with faith and if you really try hard. This is when god tests you, to see how much you will try to obtain something and if you are really working hard on what you want.The author makes a really good writing when the Virgin tells Juan to go back and tell the Bishop what she want it, he tries to makes us feel as part of the story, because what the Virgin said to him was so nice but at the same time nostalgic. nevertheless Juan says that he thinks he is not the appropriate person to do this. He says that still he will try convinced the Bishop no matter what. This part is kind of repetitive, but I guess is the way the story happened and also to make emphasis on the fact that it was not easy for the Juan to accomplish what the virgin wanted him to do.We probably all wonder why the virgin select him to do that, but swell up we will find out later on the reading. The next day he went there again and the same thing happened , he took forever to get to talk to the Bishop and when he finally did, he told him the same thing. This time one thing change, now he was interested on when did he saw the Virgin, where and how does she looks like. All of these questions Juan Diego were able to answer him, so he did and with no trouble told him everything that he was seen and heard. The Bishop could not believe what was happening and did not know if he should believe or not.As it was mentioned before all these part of the reading was graceful kind of repetitive. The Bishop was really amazed of what he had heard. He command three of his servants to follow Juan on his way back. He said he was going to talk to the Virgin again, so he need it to be sure that he was not lying. The setting of this part of the story is really good because the author describes how Juan went back home and how those servants were following him but suddenly they lost him. They went back to the palace and said to the Bishop that he was a liar that they did not saw anything wrong.That was not the truth they just wanted to cover themselves because they lost him. As the story keeps on going, the author tries to keeps us engage on the reading. He does an amazing description of each scene that is just becoming more interesting and interesting each time. Sometimes you are reading a story but something happens that you lose the path of the story, and this can become boring and tedious. After that he went back home and found an uncle who was staying there very sick he was burning in fever. He did not know what to do, he call a doctor and the Dr. ame to look at him. He gave him medicine, but he was so sick that noting help him. Bernardino who was his uncle name told Juan to go to Tlatilolco and bring a priest. He wanted to confess he said that He WAS About to pass away. Juan was so sad and went to look for the priest, on his way to Tlatilolco he did not know which way to go. If he goes straight he would saw the Virgin and she wa nted him to go and see the Bishop. Since he was on a hurry to get the priest, he went through a different path, but what he did not know was that the Virgin could see him wherever he went.When he was walking the virgin ask him Where are you going this is not the path you follow ever so, he was so embarrassed that he tell her what was going on about his uncle and everything. The Virgin told him not to worry about it that he was cure already and that now he need it to go and talk to the Bishop. This scene was a moral because it shows us that whatever you do you, god will always know it and in this case the virgin knew everything what Juan Diego did. This teaches us that no matter where we are god will always bundle care of us. Always try to follow the right path of your life.Sometimes you think that doing other stuff will make you popular or whatever but this is not truth, all bad things will always come up. Finally he went again to see the Bishop. This time he had an evidence of wh at he was saying and that was what the Bishop wanted. There were these beautiful flowers on his mantle and as soon he shows it to the Bishop they fall on the floor and a suddenly appeared the most pure image of the Virgin. It was so real that everybody in there knelt imbibe and gazed with wonder. This setting seems real and he always portrays a lot of real life events.